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- Volume 1990, Issue 40, 1990
CEPAL Review - Volume 1990, Issue 40, 1990
Volume 1990, Issue 40, 1990
Cepal Review is the leading journal for the study of economic and social development issues in Latin America and the Caribbean. Edited by the Economic Commission for Latin America, each issue focuses on economic trends, industrialization, income distribution, technological development and monetary systems, as well as the implementation of reforms and transfer of technology. Written in English and Spanish (Revista De La Cepal), each tri-annual issue brings you approximately 12 studies and essays undertaken by authoritative experts or gathered from conference proceedings.
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Development, crisis and equity
Author: Oscar AltimirIn the midst of the crisis, equity should be sought not only by mitigating as much as possible the inequities of the adjustment process, but also, and primarily, by considering to what extent the necessary reorientation of development can give rise to more equitable socioeconomic systems.
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Macroeconomic policies: In search of a synthesis
Author: Daniel M. SchydlowskyThis article analyses the evolution of the macroeconomic concepts which have prevailed in Latin America from the 1950s until the present. Two main concepts —structuralism and monetarism— have kept up an ongoing counterpoint over this period. The author analyses the main arguments of both currents of opinion and appraises their impact on the design of macroeconomic policies in the various stages of the region s development.
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An industrial and technological strategy for Brazil
Author: Joao Paulo dos Reis VellosoThis article begins by briefly analysing the situation in Brazil which followed the crisis of the 1980s, contrasting it with the recent modifications which have taken place in the pattern of industrialization on the world level. The article goes on to discuss the new trends and their consequences for the world economy in general and the developing countries in particular.
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Social structures and democracy in the 1990s
Author: Marshall WolfeThis article gives a broad overview of the social structures on which democracy will have to be based in the 1990s. These structures continue to be heterogeneous, and the crisis has made them more unstable, as previous aspirations are falling by the wayside and most of the groups are living in conditions of greater insecurity and poverty, although some new possibilities of upward mobility are emerging, even among the most seriously marginated strata. The political parties and movements are in a process of evolution and are unsure of the forces they will be called on to represent and the validity of their traditional ideologies; for the most part, however, they have attained a higher level of realism and a willingness co temporize with a view to the consolidation of broad social pacts at the cost of a reduction in their aspirations and an inability to offer their followers an inspiring mythology.
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The growing presence of women in development
Author: Miriam KrawczykOne of the most far-reaching social changes in the Latin American and Caribbean region in the last 30 years has been the ever-increasing presence of women in public life, particularly in education and the work force. This presence has also been significant in social movements and grass-roots organizations.
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Unequal participation by women in the working world
Author: Irma ArriagadaInterest in studying the economic performance of women in the region dates from recent times and is related to development studies. An initial conclusion of analyses on the economic roles of the sexes was the unequal participation by men and women in the labour market. According to census records, the greater part of the adult male population appears as working population, while the majority of women appear as non-working population, i.e., they are registered as homemakers. This finding led researchers to attempt to determine its causes and to explore the different ways in which work is distributed between men and women in the areas of production and reproduction, respectively. In one way or another, Latin American societies —like those of the rest of the world— have centered women s work on the duties of social reproduction, labour force reproduction and biological reproduction. Thus, women’s role in these areas determines the form and scope of female participation in productive work.
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From agrarian reform to associative enterprises
Author: Emiliano OrtegaThe challenge of agrarian reform lies not only in the expropriation of farms or the recovery of public lands, but also in the capacity to generate new forms of organization and socioeconomic linkages for the peasant. A review of the examples of agrarian reform after 1960 reveals that almost without exception they considered at some time that associative forms of organization of production could fulfill those objectives.
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The capital goods industry: Situation and challenges
Author: Jorge BeckelThis article attempts to provide an overview of the situation of the production and supply of capital goods in Latin America, the trends over the last few years and the challenges facing the reactivation, restructuring and expansion of this industry during the 1990s. The capital goods industry has often been considered, in the theory and practice of development, as a strategic industry, owing to its links with the other productive sectors and its function in the process of technological innovation. Because of the crisis affecting the economies of Latin America, which has been expressed in violent inflationary processes, in a marked decline of investment in most of the region, and in a contraction of the demand for capital goods, the industry that produces these goods faces serious difficulties and in some countries its very survival is threatened. There are also structural and long-term obstacles to development of an industrial activity which is intrinsically complex because of its markedly technological character, which makes it necessary to conceive of development with a long- range view. This article is based on the results of a regional co-operation project which ECLAC carried out together with UNIDO under the auspices of UNDP.
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Population and development in the Central American isthmus
Author: Andras Uthoff B.The World Conference on Population held in Bucharest in 1974 continues to mark a watershed, because since then population policies have ceased to be the exclusive domain of Departments of Health. Ten years later, in Mexico, the consensus of the international community was ratified on the need to view demographic variables as being determined by socioeconomic and cultural factors, and in turn, as being determinants of the specific socioeconomic situations of each country.
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Development and social change in Sweden
Author: Villy BergstromTwo dominant trends may be observed in the modern history of Sweden: first, its capacity to adapt to changes in the international economy, and second, the formation of political coalitions.
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