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- Volume 1992, Issue 47, 1992
CEPAL Review - Volume 1992, Issue 47, 1992
Volume 1992, Issue 47, 1992
Cepal Review is the leading journal for the study of economic and social development issues in Latin America and the Caribbean. Edited by the Economic Commission for Latin America, each issue focuses on economic trends, industrialization, income distribution, technological development and monetary systems, as well as the implementation of reforms and transfer of technology. Written in English and Spanish (Revista De La Cepal), each tri-annual issue brings you approximately 12 studies and essays undertaken by authoritative experts or gathered from conference proceedings.
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Education and changing production patterns with social equity
Author: United NationsThe underlying basis for this presentation is the proposal on Changing Production Patterns with Social Equity which ECLAC submitted for the consideration of the Governments of the region in May 1990, and which has since been debated in various national and regional forums.
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The empty box syndrome
Author: Pitou van DijckThis article examines the thesis -posited in the book entitled “Changing Production Patterns with Social Equity” published by ECLAC- that no country in Latin America was successful in achieving high overall economic growth with a reduction of income inequalities in the 1980s. As compared to the experience of many countries in South East Asia, this was a lost decade for the region. This situation in Latin America has been referred to by Fernando Fajnzylber as the “casillero vacío” or “empty box” syndrome. The examination presented here is based on a comprehensive set of 33 variables related to economic stabilization, structural change, overall economic growth, and the standard of living. It is shown that many Latin American countries did indeed score relatively poorly as compared to Asian countries.
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Consolidating democracy and development in Chile
Author: Osvaldo SunkelThe transition to democracy in Chile has been achieved in an unusually rapid and successful manner. Its consolidation is only just beginning, however, and is faced with serious challenges which will call for extensive and complex efforts in the years to come.
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Development pattern and environment in Brazil
Author: Roberto P. GuimarãesAfter describing the present situation of ecological transition, which is one of the factors in the economic, institutional and environmental crisis of present-day society, the author tries to identify the main features of the industrial and agricultural expansion of Brazil, highlighting the socio-environmental impact of the style of development pursued by that country since the war. On the basis of this diagnostic study, and especially of the technical background material prepared for (he drafting of the National Report presented by Brazil at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) (Rio de Janeiro, June 1992), the author describes the main requirements and components of a sustainable industrial and agricultural development strategy which will permit both proper management of the country’s natural resource endowment and the maintenance of the environmental quality of the Brazilian ecosystem, while at the same time ensuring satisfaction of the basic needs of present and future generations.
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Integration today: Bases and options
Author: Eugenio Lahera P.The idea of regional integration is deeply rooted in Latin America. It has been part of the proposals for the region’s development for decades past, and now, through a combination of domestic and external circumstances, it occupies a leading place in the regional economic debate. It was a novel idea which, through being applied only partially in so many cases, gradually became an issue of the past: an empty prospect and a contradiction in its own terms.
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Globalization and convergence: Latin America in a changing world
Authors: José Miguel Benavente and Peter J. WestA new international order which is the result of the recent changes in international political and economic relations is in the process of formation. The initial characteristics of this order point to a world setting in which the centripetal forces seem to be more marked than in the past and arc leading to a more convergent world favourable to greater consensus, in which the actions of each country have repercussions on those of the others, so that concertation and harmonization become necessary. Together with these forces, however, there are others of a centrifugal nature, such as the awakening nationalisms in eastern and southern Europe and the pressures for greater protectionism by those who are having to bear the burden of the adjustment to a more convergent world.
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The world agricultural outlook in the 1990s
Author: Giovanni di GirolamoThis article analyses various international trends in the agricultural sector which have a bearing on the external trade of the Latin American countries. The balance in recent years has beer, rather negative for the agricultural sector of the developing countries, both from the point of view of the terms of trade and with regard to the weakness of the markets for their commodity exports.
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Evolution of the rural dimension in Latin America and the Caribbean
Author: Emiliano OrtegaThis article addresses rural issues from a double perspective. First, analysis is focussed on the rural environment and its particular ways of life and sociability known as the rural dimension of a society or, genetically, as rurality. Second, issues are addressed from an agrarian point of view, given that agriculture, in a broad sense, is the main productive and economic base of the rural sector and is, for that reason, its most essential component.
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The potential of Mexican agriculture and options for the future
Author: Julio López G.Mexican agriculture, which bad deteriorated as a result of the global adjustment process, only began to recover as from 1989. If the recovery of the national economy which began in 1987 becomes even more marked, it is possible that agriculture may not be able to respond with increased production.
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The privatization of the Argentine telephone system
Author: Alejandra HerreraThis article presents a detailed analysis of the situation of the Argentine telephone system prior to 1990 and evaluates the process of its subsequent privatization. Its main conclusion is that the previous situation of a State quasi-monopoly will probably end in a private oligopoly.
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Rationalizing social policy: Evaluation and viability
Authors: Ernesto Cohen and Rolando FrancoIn this article, it is argued that only a small fraction of social expenditures actually reaches the poor. Diverse social policy weaknesses which account for leaks and ineffective use of resources are reviewed, and the authors maintain that it will only be possible to overcome those deficiencies if serious ex ante and cx post evaluations of social programmes and projects are made.
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The political economy of the developmentalist State in Brazil
Author: José Luis FioriThe study of the political economy of the crisis of the State and its role in the trajectory of Latin American development is an urgent political task which could also contribute to the historical and theoretical debate about industrial development in late evolving capitalist economies.
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