Quality Education
Executive Summary
The present report is part of a broader project, “Mali (Dis–) Engagement and Re–Integration related to Terrorism (MERIT)”, jointly carried out by the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) and the International Centre for Counter–Terrorism – The Hague (ICCT). Through field research and primary data analysis, UNICRI and ICCT aim to advance knowledge and awareness on the issue of violent extremism in Mali through the lenses and voices of the country’s youth. The report will explore the impact that the longstanding presence of terrorist groups has produced on the daily lives of young people in Mali. Giving voice to a representative sample, the report offers new insights on the impact of terrorism on youth, who have not been selected in virtue of their engagement in violent extremism or conflict, but whose lives have been significantly impacted by the terrorist presence in their country.
Introduction: Increasing insecurity in Mali
Despite the deployment of the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA), the Operation Barkhane (a 5,000-strong French force), the Takuba task force (a multistate European military force), as well as the European Union Training Mission (EUTM), in 2020 Mali entered its eighth year of civil unrest and widespread violence.
Предисловие
Идея рассматривать знания и способности человека в качестве актива и оценивать их стоимость не является чем-то новым, однако в последние годы этому вопросу стало уделяться повышенное внимание. В 2016 году Европейская экономическая комиссия Организации Объединенных Наций (ЕЭК ООН) опубликовала «Руководство по измерению человеческого капитала» с целью продолжения концептуального совершенствования измерения человеческого капитала с уделением приоритетного внимания разработке экспериментальных сателлитных счетов человеческого капитала. Руководство по человеческому капиталу продемонстрировало практическую возможность составления сателлитных счетов человеческого капитала и подтолкнуло страны и международные организации к продолжению работы по оценке роли человеческого капитала. В руководстве обсуждались два подхода к оценке человеческого капитала – «подход на основе расходов» и «подход на основе дохода на протяжении жизни». В силу ограничений, связанных с данными и с методологическими вопросами, в Руководстве по человеческому капиталу было рекомендовано в качестве первого шага разработать соответствующий сателлитный счет образования и профессиональной подготовки с использованием подхода на основе расходов. Было подчеркнуто, что усилия следует синхронизировать, с тем чтобы облегчить проведение межстрановых сопоставлений в целях обеспечения более глубокого понимания различий между странами в области человеческого капитала и потенциальной разработки усовершенствованных руководящих указаний по вопросам, касающимся данных и измерения
Preface
The International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals (IRMCT/ Mechanism) is the successor organization to the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) and the International Criminal Tribunal for The Former Yugoslavia (ICTY). Part of the IRMCT’s mandate, as set out by the United Nations Security Council, is to maintain and promote the legacies of the two ad hoc UN tribunals. The IRMCT libraries in Arusha, Tanzania and The Hague, The Netherlands, under the supervision of the Mechanism’s External Relations Office contribute to this objective by hosting a substantial collection of publications on the work of the tribunals. These works include writings on the establishment of ICTR and ICTY; their cooperation with national courts and States; and the development of international criminal justice.
Conclusions and recommendations
Little research has been conducted on the impact that the presence of terrorist groups has had on the daily lives of young people in Mali, including the effect that the longstanding presence of terrorist groups may have on either enhancing or diminishing youths’ endorsement of extremist narratives and their willingness to engage in violence.
The impact of terrorist groups: How life changes under threat
Young Malians are confronted with a complex, changing, and dangerous environment, which affects their perceptions and influence the way they define threats and challenges. As already emphasised, against the backdrop of armed politics and civil unrest, terrorist groups represent only a part of a wider picture of violence, instability, and uncertainty. The Malian crisis is not only a fight against terrorism; struggles for power and authority involve various actors who pursue complementary, competing, or conflicting agendas and interests.
Acknowledgements
The United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) and the International Centre for Counter-Terrorism – The Hague (ICCT) gratefully acknowledge the Royal Danish Embassy in Bamako, Mali for its generous support of this project. They are also deeply appreciative of the civil society representatives, practitioners, and researchers whose experiences and insights informed this publication. The authors especially wish to thank their local and national partners as well as all the stakeholders who took part into the consultations, meetings, and workshops that led to the development of this report. Special thanks to Baba Dakono and Yida Seydou Diall.