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Decent Work and Economic Growth
Acknowledgements
How to make sense of producing a Human Development Report at a time of war? Not only of wars between and within countries but also with our planet with ourselves and with our future? These questions weighed heavily on our minds. But over time they strengthen the resolve of the team fuelled by the conviction that the recurring messages of successive Human Development Reports are more relevant than ever. They bear repeating and reaffirming because even though they may have been said many times before they seem to be pushed more and more into the background. The primacy of people as the purpose and agents of development. The crucial importance of enabling people to live free from want fear and indignity still relevant 30 years after the introduction of the concept of human security in the 1994 Human Development Report. Redressing inequalities in human development.
Foreword
We live in a tightly knit world. Yet shared interlinked global challenges such as runaway climate change are outpacing our institutions capacities to respond to them. We face “a global gridlock” exacerbated by growing polarization within our countries which translates into barriers to international cooperation.
Breaking the gridlock: A snapshot of the 2023/2024 human development report
We can do better than this. Better than runaway climate change and pandemics. Better than a spate of unconstitutional transfers of power amid a rising globalizing tide of populism. Better than cascading human rights violations and unconscionable massacres of people in their homes and civic venues in hospitals schools and shelters.
Human development suffers when interdependence is mismanaged
Divergence between the very high and the low human development index groups of countries after decades of convergence is going up. The path of improvement in the global average human development index has shifted downwards.
Global interdependence persists—but is being reshaped
People continue to live in globally interdependent societies. Despite a slowdown in economic globalization interdependence—rather than fraying—is being reconfigured by drivers that will persist well into the future.
Providing global public goods to manage interdependence
Mismanaged interdependence imposes costs or even setbacks to human development. But managing it can be enhanced by framing it as providing global public goods such as global peace and climate change mitigation as explicit goals.
Expanding agency for collective action
Enhancing human development—including agency—expands possibilities for people to act as “agents who can do effective things.” So how best to expand agency to foster collective action to address global challenges?
Breaking the gridlock to enhance collective action
Polarization divides societies into belligerent and opposing camps poisoning domestic and international cooperation.
Examining how to enhance collective action
Examining how to enhance collective action to manage interdependence can be explored through different assumptions about human behaviours interactions with institutions. Different explanations for behaviour can inform ways of advancing collective action to provide global public goods.
Human Development Report 2023/2024
Today collective action on challenges ranging from climate change mitigation to peace and security is frustratingly slow or stymied altogether. Lack of trust and polarization--both associated with insecurity--exacerbate the gridlock. Shared interlinked global challenges like the pandemic and its recovery are outpacing our willingness and our institutions capacities to respond to them.Why despite all our riches and technologies are we so stuck? How do we get unstuck? Is it possible to mobilize action to address globally shared challenges in a world that is intensively polarized? The 2023-2024 Human Development Report explores these issues and offers a platform for strategic discussion on how to move beyond narrow zero-sum thinking and support cooperation even as we have diverging interests and views. The e-book for this publication has been converted into an accessible format for the visually impaired and people with print reading disabilities. It is fully compatible with leading screen-reader technologies such as JAWS and NVDA.
Peta jalan pemberdayaan ekonomi perempuan dan kewirausahaan perempuan di indonesia melalui perdagangan: Rekomendasi kebijakans
Bagian ini memberikan rekomendasi kebijakan untuk menjadikan kebijakan perdagangan responsif gender di Indonesia baik secara langsung melalui kebijakan perdagangan itu sendiri maupun secara tidak langsung melalui kebijakan dalam negeri yang mendukung. Pembahasan yang disajikan pada bagian ini didasarkan pada temuan pada bagian sebelumnya dan tinjauan terhadap kebijakan yang ada di Indonesia dan negaranegara tetangga. Kebijakan perdagangan dapat berkontribusi pada pemberdayaan ekonomi perempuan dan mendukung kewirausahaan perempuan dalam beberapa cara. Salah satu caranya adalah dengan secara eksplisit memasukkan pertimbangan gender ke dalam teks perjanjian perdagangan. Hal ini telah menjadi strategi yang populer sejak tahun 2016. Namun mengarusutamakan gender dalam kebijakan perdagangan saja tidak cukup. Untuk memastikan perempuan memperoleh manfaat penuh dari perdagangan penting untuk mengurangi hambatan dalam mengakses perdagangan dan peluang kewirausahaan. Mempermudah akses terhadap peluang perdagangan memerlukan perubahan dalam kebijakan dan program dalam negeri. Oleh karena itu kebijakan perdagangan tidak dapat menyelesaikan semua permasalahan terkait gender dengan sendirinya; hal ini perlu disertai dengan langkahlangkah yang memadai di bidang kebijakan dalam negeri yang relevan. Hal ini pula yang menyebabkan ketentuan gender dalam perjanjian perdagangan sering kali menguraikan ketentuan-ketentuan dalam kebijakan dalam negeri.
Acknowledgements
The Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL) the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) and the International Trade Centre (ITC) are very grateful to the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO) for its financial support of the global data collection on voluntary sustainability standards and the production of this publication.
Pendahuluan
Dengan jumlah penduduk sebesar 275.8 juta jiwa pada tahun 2022 Indonesia merupakan negara dengan jumlah penduduk terbesar keempat di dunia setelah China India dan Amerika Serikat. Negara ini juga merupakan negara dengan ekonomi terbesar ke-16 di dunia dan anggota Kelompok 20 (G20). Indonesia adalah kelompok pulau terbesar di dunia dengan 17001 pulau. Serupa dengan kebanyakan negara Asia etnisitas berperan penting dalam masyarakat Indonesia. Terdapat 1340 kelompok etnis yang diakui dengan kelompok etnis utama adalah Jawa (40 persen populasi) Sunda (15.5 persen) Melayu (3.7 persen) Batak (3.6 persen) dan Madura (3 persen).
Selected commodities grew, but slowly
This chapter examines the harvested area and the production volume of the selected commodities on an aggregate level. As multiple certification remains an issue for some commodities global totals were computed by adding the country minimums (leading to a global minimum value for each commodity) the country maximums (leading to a global maximum value for each commodity) and the country minimum–maximum averages (leading to a global average value for each commodity).
Project partners
The International Trade Centre (ITC) founded in 1964 is the joint agency of the World Trade Organization and the United Nations. Its aim is for businesses in developing countries to become more competitive in global markets to speed up economic development and to contribute to the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.