- الصفحة الرئيسية
- Sustainable Development Goals
- Decent Work and Economic Growth
Decent Work and Economic Growth
World Migration Report 2024
Since 2000 IOM has been producing its flagship world migration reports every two years. The World Migration Report 2024 the twelfth in the world migration report series has been produced to contribute to increased understanding of migration and mobility throughout the world. The last two years saw major migration and displacement events that have caused great hardship and trauma as well as loss of life. In addition to the conflicts in Ukraine and Gaza millions of people have been displaced due to other conflicts such as within and/or from the Syrian Arab Republic Yemen the Central African Republic the Democratic Republic of the Congo the Sudan Ethiopia and Myanmar. There have also been large scale displacements triggered by climate- and weather-related disasters in many parts of the world in 2022 and 2023 including in Pakistan the Philippines China India Bangladesh Brazil and Colombia. Further in February 2023 south-east Türkiye and northern Syrian Arab Republic experienced powerful earthquakes resulting in more than 50000 deaths. By March an estimated 2.7 million people had been displaced in Türkiye and many had been left homeless in the Syrian Arab Republic. This new edition presents key data and information on migration as well as thematic chapters on highly topical migration issues and is structured to focus on two key contributions for readers. Part I includes key information on migration and migrants (including migration-related statistics); and part II includes balanced evidence-based analysis of complex and emerging migration issues.
Growing migration inequality: What do the global data actually show?
International migration is strongly associated with opportunity for positive advancement most typically in economic terms. A long-standing influential international migration narrative is deeply intertwined with the notion of betterment whether this relates to individual attainment household income or community resilience and coping strategies. People migrate for better lives.
A post-pandemic rebound? Migration and mobility globally after COVID-19
The impact of COVID-19 on human populations cannot be overstated. The pandemic caused 12 per cent of worldwide deaths in 2020/2021. In Western Europe the 2020 mortality increase was the highest since the Second World War and in Eastern Europe it was the highest since the break-up of the Soviet Union. COVID-19 vaccines were able to prevent approximately 19.8 million excess deaths. But this did not prevent COVID-19 from altering overall life expectancy in many countries: life expectancy at birth declined for males in the United States of America by 2.2 years in Lithuania by 1.7 years and comparable declines were recorded in 11 countries for males and 8 countries for females.
Migration and migrants: A global overview
The significant variation and diversity in migration and displacement around the world make capturing global trends a challenge. We know from the increasing amount of information at our disposal that migration is often a highly politicized topic making it increasingly prone to misinformation and disinformation by interest groups with political or commercial gains in mind. Straightforward accurate accounts of migration assist in enabling us to question migration myths and critically engage with mis- and disinformation materials. Against this backdrop describing and analysing how migration around the world is changing from a range of different perspectives including those entailing economic social and security dimensions (and associated legal policy frameworks) must start with an understanding of fundamental metrics. Human migration may well be an age-old activity touching almost every society around the world; however it is changing in important ways. Examining the shifts in scale direction demography and frequency can illuminate how migration is evolving while also pointing to long-term trends that have been shaped by historical events as well as more recent developments.
Acknowledgements
The editors are particularly grateful to the authors of the thematic chapters and to all of the IOM and academic reviewers who provided constructive feedback on the draft chapters. We are especially grateful to IOM’s Director General Amy E. Pope and members of IOM’s senior leadership team who supported this edition including Ugochi Daniels Eva Åkerman Börje Mohammed Abdiker Kristin Dadey Maryline Py Michele Klein Solomon Othman Belbeisi Diego Beltrand Marcelo Pisani Ashraf El Nour Sara Lou Arriola Ola Henrikson Manfred Profazi Pär Liljert Alejandro Guidi Aissata Kane and Dejan Keserovic.
Climate change, food insecurity and human mobility: Interlinkages, evidence and action
Climate change is widely considered an “existential threat to humanity” in the words of United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres. Its impacts are being increasingly felt albeit unevenly by communities and countries worldwide. In recent years different editions of the World Migration Report have explored the linkages between human mobility the environment and climate change accompanying the growth in scientific literature devoted to this topic with specific focuses on migration as adaptation and on the links between slow-onset climate change and migration.
Report overview: Migration continues to be part of the solution in a rapidly changing world, but key challenges remain
It has been more than two years since the release of the World Migration Report 2022 which provided an overview of the global transformations intensely affecting migration and displacement around the world. While acknowledging ongoing changes related to demographic transitions as well as economic and social transformations the 2022 report outlined the major geopolitical environmental and technological transformations that shape migration and mobility sometimes profoundly. The impacts of these systemic global shifts have only intensified further in the last two-year period. For example hardening geopolitics has seen us witness previously unthinkable conflict in terms of both scale and nature. The full-scale invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation in early 2022 signalled a pivotal shift for the world with some arguing that it “marked an abrupt end to 30 years of globalization and all the international cooperation that made that possible”. The immediate impacts on Ukraine and Europe continue to be felt by millions of people while the global impacts have touched many times more as the consequences of the war ripple through global food security energy security international law multilateralism military strategy and alliances.
Foreword
Migration is as old as humanity itself. Throughout history people have migrated in search of better lives to flee conflict or seek safety or simply to find new opportunities. It may surprise people that most migration is regular safe and orderly – regionally focused and often directly connected to work. What captures attention in headlines is just part of the story. Migration is an issue that has been deeply affected by misinformation and politicization and dominant narratives have strayed far away from balanced accurate accounts of migration – both its simple truths and its complex situation-specific realities.
Migration and human security: Unpacking myths and examining new realities and responses
The recent events in Ukraine have highlighted in stark terms the links between national security energy security food security and the catastrophic effects on the human security of Ukrainians but also for many other societies around the world. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected conflict and violence in one country or region is more likely than ever to have ripple effects in other parts of the world. At a time when food crop supply chains are the most globalized in history the Russian Federation’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022 has highlighted the devastating impacts on food and human security for many parts of the developing world.
References
Seychelles’ framework conditions for innovation
Framework conditions for innovation shape and influence the innovation ecosystem in a country. They do so by enabling individuals businesses and organizations to innovate. Certain conditions and policy efforts can encourage and support innovation fostering economic growth competitiveness and societal progress. Other key elements of framework conditions for innovation include regulations and standards funding and infrastructure for research and development digital and logistics infrastructures an actively managed innovation ecosystem a skilled and educated workforce trade openness a positive entrepreneurial culture and risk-taking attitudes and active international collaborations in STI among others. Finally policymakers must embrace a sciencebased approach to sustainable development challenges as an unavoidable framework condition for innovation.
Acknowledgements
This Science Technology and Innovation Policy Review (STIP Review) of Seychelles was undertaken by the Technology Innovation and Knowledge Development Branch of the Division on Technology and Logistics of UNCTAD under the guidance of Angel Gonzalez-Sanz Head of the Branch and the direct supervision of Liping Zhang Chief of the Science Technology and Innovation for Development Section who also leads the UNCTAD Project on Technology Assessment in the Energy and Agricultural Sectors in Africa to Accelerate Progress on Science Technology and Innovation.
Introduction
This report reviews the implementation of the 2016-2025 STI Policy and Strategy (STIPS) and assess the country’s national innovation system. The review was conducted by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) at the request of the Government of Seychelles conducted between November 2022 and September 2023. The review involved a participatory process that included a fact-finding mission and a stakeholders’ workshop in Seychelles in November 2022 a comprehensive desk review of national policy documents and reports interviews with 39 persons from a number of organizations a national workshop reviewing the draft text of this document held on 25 September 2023 and a capacity building workshop on 26 and 27 September 2023. Draft versions of the review were provided for comments and inputs to the MIEI and the DSTI.
Summary
The Science Technology and Innovation (STI) Policy Review of Seychelles was conducted by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) at the request of the Government of Seychelles. The request was made in the context of the UNCTAD project on Technology Assessment in the energy and agricultural sectors in Africa to accelerate progress on science technology and innovation and this Review is one of its products.
Science Technology and Innovation Policy Review: Seychelles
The Science Technology and Innovation (STI) Policy Review of Seychelles was conducted by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) at the request of the Government of Seychelles. The request was made in the context of the UNCTAD project on Technology Assessment in the energy and agricultural sectors in Africa to accelerate progress on science technology and innovation and this Review is one of its products. The review of Seychelles' National Innovation System (NIS) and the implementation of its 2016-2025 national Science Technology and Innovation Policy and Strategy (STIPS) suggests a range of policy actions and institutional reforms. These recommendations are essential for invigorating the NIS thereby enabling Seychelles to harness STI and entrepreneurship effectively to achieve the goals set in Vision 2033 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This report reviews the implementation of the 2016-2025 STI Policy and Strategy (STIPS) and assess the country’s national innovation system.