Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
Dialogue on Friedman and Hayek: From the standpoint of the periphery
In all his recent writings, the author has maintained that neoclassical thinking is not only incapable of explaining the structure and operation of capitalism in the periphery, but has a misguiding influence on economic policy decisions. In the present article he reverts to these ideas, formulating them as if they came up in the course of a dialogue carried out with followers of the two leading contemporary mentors of the thinking in question; thus he is able to present his points of view with the fluid simplicity in which strictly academic essays are often lacking.
The revolt of the bankers in the international economy: A world without a monetary system
This article gives a brief overview of the post-war international m onetary system and its main characteristics, w ith special em phasis on the aspects which subsequently created difficulties. It shows how the system developed and identifies the events which led to the international m onetary crisis at the beginning of the 1970s. It describes the exchange arrangem ents w hich arose as a consequence o f the crisis and analyses the conditions in which such arrangem ents can be effective, the developing countries’ possibilities of using them, and the effects on those countries and on the dem and for international liquidity by the public and private sectors. With regard to this latter aspect, it stresses the increase in the private sector’s intervention role in the exchange m arkets and the influence of this increase on the international generation and transm ission of disequilibria. It then goes on to the attem p ts to reform the m onetary system and the am endm ents to the Articles of Agreement of the International M onetary Fund and their effects on the developing countries.
Growing labour absorption with persistent underemployment
CEPAL has always devoted special attention to the problems of employment, to the extent that it considers the phenomenon of the productive absorption of labour to be the most obvious manifestation of economic development.
Adjustment, redeployment or transformation? Background and options in the current situation
Since 1973, the Latin American countries have had to adjust to a world economy and a world trade situation which are characterized by slow growth and instability in the central countries.
To educate or not to educate: Is that the question?
The central purpose of the present article is to examine what role has been played by formal education systems in the processes of change in Latin American countries during recent decades.
The transnational corporations and Latin America’s present form of economic growth
The form of development which particularly pre-dominates in the largest countries of the region has been repeatedly criticized in various CEPAL studies because of its tendency towards a concentrated distribution of income, the persistence of extreme poverty, incapacity to absorb the entire labour force in a productive manner, growing external vulnerability, and increasing loss of national capacity to manage the economy.
The peasantry in Latin America. A theoretical approach
The purpose of this article is to analyse the role of peasant forms of production in the process of capital accumulation in Latin America and to assess its future prospects.
Towards a social and political dimension of regional planning
A large proportion of the Latin American countries have sought and are still seeking to incorporate into their development plans and the design of their economic policies elements whereby they seek to correct or minimize some of the most obvious internal disparities in growth rate, well-being and modernization between the various areas or regions which make up the nation.
Trends and recent changes in the Latin American food and agriculture situation
This paper analyses the chief trends and recent changes in the agriculture and food situation of the Latin American countries and seeks to give a brief overall picture, despite limitations arising from the insufficient and sometimes partial data.
Letter from the Constitutional President of the Republic of Ecuador, H.E. Dr. Osvaldo Hurtado: To messrs. Enrique V. Iglesias, executive secretary, ECLA, and carlos alzamora, permanent secretary, SELA
Now, as 1983 begins, there are few remaining doubts about the gravity of the international economic situation. Not since the Great Depression of the 1930s has the world known such a serious and prolonged crisis. Almost no society has managed to escape its pernicious effects, for the problems suffered by the countries of the developed North and the developing South, those of the socialist East and the West are all similar. The fact that this crisis affects all societies, whatever their ideological orientation, political system or economic model, is the best demonstration that we are in the presence of a universal phenomenon involving all nations.
The participation of youth in the development process of Latin America
After a period of relative neglect the issue of the specific problems of ‘youth’ is gaining preeminence again in both developed and developing nations. In the closing years of the 1970s this concern was particularly evident in the industrialized North.
Peasant agriculture in Latin America. Situations and trends
In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the changes that have been taking place in the rural environment, particularly those relating to the peasantry of Latin America.
Latin American economic conference
At the recent Latin American Economic Conference (Quito, 9 to 13 January 1984), twentysix representatives of Latin American and Caribbean countries signed the “Declaration of Quito” and a “Plan of Action”, documents proposing concerted action to face up to the crisis and the adoption of various measures to reactivate the economy and cope with the external debt.
Poverty description and analysis of policies for overcoming it
For a number of years CEPAL has conducted an inter-agency project financed by UNDP and UNICEF on critical poverty in Latin America, in which systematic consideration is given to the characteristics of poverty and policies for overcoming it are suggested.
Latin American commodity exports. The case of cotton fibre
One of the economic activities that has been most seriously affected by the current crisis of the Latin American economy is the production and exportation of commodities.
The crisis of capitalism and international trade
Full understanding of the nature of the present crisis calls for an interpretation which is at once broad enough to cover both the centres and the periphery and deep enough to penetrate beyond the superficial manifestations of the problem to the very heart of its causes.
Reflections on the Latin American economy in 1982
A review of what happened in the Latin American economies during 1982 is a particularly useful step towards understanding the nature and causes of the serious economic crisis affecting the region, knowledge of which in its turn is indispensable for proposing measures whereby to cope successfully witih the situation.
Urbanization and the labour market
In the postwar period, as is known, Latin America underwent a process of demographic growth and urbanization unprecedented in its history.
Changes in employment and the crisis
In several earlier works —PREALC (1981), Tokman (1982) and Garcia (1982)— the authors analysed and interpreted the main long-term trends of employment, underemployment and unemployment observed in Latin America.
Latin America: Crisis, co-operation and development
The present article is structured around several basic ideas. In the first place, attention is drawn to the twofold character of Latin American unity, with reference to the close interdependence between regional ‘inward-directed’ co-operation policies which foster development and ‘outward-directed’ concerted measures which reduce the region’s external vulnerability.