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Without Choice?
Understanding War-Affected Syrian Families’ Decisions to Leave Home
This new publication in the IOM Migration Research Series explores the decision-making processes of war-affected Syrian families before leaving home. Drawing upon collaborative family interviews with 46 Syrian families resettled in Lebanon the research methodology included narrative discussion —spanning life in Syria the journey from Syria to Lebanon and life in Lebanon—as well as drawing and mapmaking. The findings are divided into four themes: (1) how long it took for families to decide to leave (2) the push factors that influenced the family’s decision to leave (3) why families decided to journey to Lebanon versus another neighbouring country (4) the push/pull factors in deciding to resettle in a third country. The findings indicate that there is much diversity in the decision-making processes that families engage in and underscore the importance of family agency in making informed decisions.
International Migration, Internal Migration, Mobility and Urbanization
Towards More Integrated Approaches
This new publication in the IOM Migration Research Series explores migration as one of the most problematic of the population variables. While reviewing the various instruments to measure international and internal migration the research questions the tendency to consider the diverse forms of mobility separately from one another. The publication argues that human mobility is best conceived as a system that integrates internal and international migration within a single framework and that gives due account to tourism and its significant linkages with migration.
Summary Report on the MIPEX Health Strand and Country Reports
The Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX) Health strand is a questionnaire designed to supplement the existing seven strands of the MIPEX which in its latest edition (2015) monitors policies affecting migrant integration in 38 different countries. The questionnaire measures the equitability of policies relating to four issues: (A) migrants’ entitlements to health services; (B) accessibility of health services for migrants; (C) responsiveness to migrants’ needs; and (D) measures to achieve change. The work described in this report formed part of the EQUI-HEALTH project carried out by the International Organization for Migration from 2013 to 2016 in collaboration with the Migrant Policy Group (MPG) and COST Action IS1103 (Adapting European health services to diversity). Part I of this report shows that many studies have already been carried out on migrant health policies but because they tend to select different countries concepts categories and methods of measurement it is difficult to integrate and synthesize all these findings. The MIPEX Health strand sets out to surmount this obstacle by collecting information on carefully defined and standardized indicators in all 38 MIPEX countries as well as Bosnia and Herzegovina and the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Part II describes the conceptual framework underlying the questionnaire and the way in which aspects of policy were operationalized and scored in the 38 indicators. This is followed in Part III by a detailed description of the pattern of results found in 34 European countries on each item in the questionnaire. Part IV reports the results of statistical analyses of collected data.
Vulnerability to Environmental Stress
Household Livelihoods, Assets and Mobility in the Mekong Delta, Viet Nam
This study explores vulnerability and household response measures in the contexts of environmental stress in the Mekong Delta of Viet Nam. Displacement estimates are often based on broad assumptions derived from macro-scale geographical data viewing individuals’ vulnerability to hazards through the lens of their physical proximity to hazard-prone areas. Given that household assets shape responses to opportunities and threats this report examines key household assets which determine the household vulnerability livelihood outcomes and those critical for mobility decision-making in the face of environmental change. The report also provides analysis of government relocation programmes targeting households susceptible to hazards and draws attention to the most asset-poor who are often trapped and the least able to both adapt to stressors in- situ or migrate elsewhere.
A New Global Partnership for Development
Factoring in the Contribution of Migration
Part A of this report provides a systematic update of the evidence base regarding migration’s relevance to and impact on the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). In doing so it considers the role of migration as an enabler of development through a number of different channels – monetary and social remittances the act of migrating and the impacts on those left behind. Part B takes the debate a step further by first presenting argumentation for why migration is important and why mobility should be a component of the post-2015 development agenda.
The South–South Remittance Corridor between Argentina and Bolivia
South–South remittance corridors still remain a largely unexplored research area despite the fact that for a few years already international organizations such as the International Organization for Migration and the World Bank have been highlighting the importance of South–South migration and remittance flows. In South America the Argentina–Bolivia corridor is the third most relevant South–South corridor in terms of annual volumes after Venezuela–Colombia and Argentina–Paraguay. This publication provides a diagnostic report on the access to and use of remittance services by Bolivian migrants in Argentina showing the main obstacles and challenges faced to achieve a productive use of remittances. The study examines the legal and regulatory frameworks of remittance-related transactions together with the sending process from Argentina to Bolivia with its chain of intermediation and different money transfer schemes. It provides key recommendations for public policies and actions aimed at maximizing the positive impact of remittances in terms of local development focusing on two intervention pillars: financial education and transparency of the remittance services market.
Mobility of Health Professionals to, from and within the European Union
This publication is a shortened version of the summary report “Mobility of Health Professionals: Health systems work conditions patterns of health workers’ mobility and implication for policy makers” which was published in March 2012 in Bonn Germany by a consortium led by Dr. Caren Weilandt at the Wissenschaftliches Institut der Ärzte Deutschlands (WIAD Scientific Institute of the Medical Association of German Doctors). It provides an overview of the outcomes of the MoHProf project that aimed to gather more insights into the processes and effects of mobility of health professionals to from and within the European Union (EU) and which was carried out under the 7th Framework Programme for Research and Development of the EU.
Displaced Youth’s Role in Sustainable Return
Lessons from South Sudan
More than 2 million Southerners have returned to South Sudan since 2005 following the end of the North–South civil war. Building on research conducted in South Sudan as well as Egypt and northern Uganda Ensor examines the process of reintegration of refugees and internally displaced persons returning to South Sudan since the signing of the 2005 Peace Agreement. The study focuses on the role played by displaced youth as they find themselves differentially situated vis-à-vis the various determinants of sustainable return and reintegration. The research finds that intergenerational tensions are a result of many displaced youths’ aspirations to a “modern” – often meaning urban – way of life perceived as incompatible with traditional livelihoods and social relations. In turn these dynamics are impacting the way in which access to material assets education employment opportunities political participation and other key resources is negotiated among displaced groups and those who stayed behind. The study also finds evidence of significant gender differences. As the pressures of responding to the complex needs of the vast numbers of returning individuals continue to mount reintegration remains a loosely defined concept among government officials and external assistance agencies and furthermore understandings of what constitutes “sustainable return” differ markedly among the various stakeholders. Intergenerational differences regarding reintegration needs and aspirations and even the very desirability of return are rarely considered. This report shares primary research findings that may support return and reintegration programming so as to better respond to the age- and gender-differentiated needs and aspirations of diverse migrant groups in South Sudan.
Migration and Development within the South
New Evidence from African, Caribbean and Pacific Countries
This edition of the IOM Migration Research Series authored by the staff of the ACP Observatory sheds light on the specific characteristics of South–South migration and presents evidence on the manifold avenues for increasing its contribution to development. This publication outlines key findings of three years of research in African Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries carried out by the ACP Observatory on Migration.
Regional Inter-State Consultation Mechanisms on Migration
Approaches, Recent Activities and Implications for Global Governance of Migration
This study reviews 25 interstate consultative mechanisms on migration: 18 RCPs and seven others here termed interregional forums on migration (IRF) that appear to depart from the classic RCP model in some meaningful way. Each case review includes background on the origin and development of the mechanism a brief discussion of the evolution of the agenda identification of any linkages with multilateral agreements and a note on the placement of the mechanism within the taxonomy of mechanisms suggested by the author. The study concludes with implications for harmonized governance of migration.
Ending the 2006 Internal Displacement Crisis in Timor-Leste
Between Humanitarian Aid and Transitional Justice
Angola
A Study of the Impact of Remittances from Portugal and South Africa
Migrant Resource Centres
An Initial Assessment
The Role of Migrant Care Workers in Ageing Societies
Report on Research Findings in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada and the United States
An Assessment of Principal Regional Consultative Processes on Migration
The present study considers fourteen of the principal Regional Consultative Processes on Migration spanning most regions of the globe. Based primarily on interviews with government officials and other actors involved in these processes the Study asks what impact Regional Consultative Processes on Migration have had on migration governance and on fostering greater confidence in inter-State cooperation on migration. This Report sets out with a broad definition of migration governance. It identifies three distinct phases of the governance processes and analyses the contributions Regional Consultative Processes on Migration have made to each of these. The Study then proceeds to draw general lessons and recommendations from the experiences of different processes in terms of their working style and focus.
The Impact of Financial Crises on International Migration
Lessons Learned
The current global economic crisis is impacting migration patterns and processes around the world. A reduction in migration flows globally has been reported. Migrant workers are laid off and while some return home others stay. How to respond to these migration impacts poses challenges for policymakers in both countries of origin and destination. Against this background this Report considers the lessons for migration policy to be learned from the major financial crises of the 20h century namely the Great Depression (1930s) the oil crisis (1973) the Asian financial crisis (1997-1999) the financial crisis in Russia (1998) and the Latin American financial crisis (1998-2002). As the impact of previous crises on migrants and migration has been uneven and unequal across countries and regions depending on a range of factors this Report draws out the wider lessons for policy that can be learned from previous responses to economic crises.
Gallup World Poll
The Many Faces of Global Migration
The Many Faces of Global Migration report is an introduction to what Gallup has unearthed by asking migrants and potential migrants worldwide about their lives. The data presented in this report are based on Gallup’s ongoing World Poll surveys in more than 150 countries territories and regions and more than 750000 interviews since 2005. As such these findings provide an unprecedented look at the different push-and-pull factors that influence migration the experiences of those who desire to migrate to other countries permanently or temporarily for work those who are planning to go those who are preparing to go those who have already left and those who have returned home – and what this means for governments intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations and other stakeholders.
Climate Change, Migration and Critical International Security Considerations
This report reviews the available scholarly reporting on climate change migration and security and describes the legal and policy challenges facing the international community. While there is indeed considerable evidence that climate does influence migration future estimates are hampered by a lack of reliable data. Climate-related migration is closely connected to the social economic cultural and institutional processes that shape the vulnerability and adaptive capacity of exposed populations. Conflict may potentially emerge in situations of resource scarcity and resource abundance but in most cases there will be opportunities for intervention before violence occurs. Most climate change-driven migration is likely to occur with countries and regions although there will be increased international movements along established migrant networks. To avoid large-scale distress migrations the report outlines priority actions for policymakers to reduce greenhouse gas emissions enhance adaptive capacity in vulnerable regions and provide assistance to those displaced.
Trafficking of Men
A Trend Less Considered - The Case of Belarus and Ukraine
To date trafficking in males has been underconsidered in research despite noteworthy signals that it is a violation faced by many males adults and minors. Through the case of Belarus and Ukraine this study established from a survey of about 685 trafficked males and qualitative information from interviews considers male victim’s profiles and trafficking experience from recruitment through transportation and exploitation. On the other hand it analyses what can be done to meet their needs both as a means of assistance and protection.
Migration, Development and Environment
This book explores the conceptual framework of the interrelationships between migration environment and development which are among the most pressing issues on the contemporary global agenda. After a conceptualization of this relationship the paper treats in a depth analysis with tables and figures main issues such as: environment as cause of migration in case of environmental disasters and environmental degradation; climate change and migration; displacement by large projects and impacts of migration on destination environments. The implications these have for policy are also considered.