Migration
Attitudes to Immigration in the Arab World: Explaining an Overlooked Anomaly
Authored by James Dennison and Mohamed Nasr, this Migration Research Series paper explores public attitudes to immigration in the Arab world and considers their effects on migration policies in the region. Using quantitative data from across the Arabic-speaking world, the paper first examines the relationship between attitudes to immigration and a number of sociodemographic and attitudinal variables. It then analyses the salience – or importance – of immigration as an issue in the region before probing the key determinants of migration policy change, which include public opinion, in four main countries.
Migrants and the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Initial Analysis
Authored by Lorenzo Guadagno, this Migration Research Series paper offers an initial analysis of the specific ways migrants have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. It also presents the diverse measures which have been adopted in receiving and origin countries to prevent, mitigate and address the negative impacts of the pandemic. Its objective is to provide insights for more inclusive and effective COVID-19 responses as the pandemic unfolds to ensure that migrants are duly included.
Introduction to Putting Family First: Migration and Integration in Canada
Authored by Harald Bauder, Mehrunnisa Ahmad Ali and John Shields, this publication in the Migration Research Series is the introduction to the book, Putting Family First: Migration and Integration in Canada, edited by Harald Bauder and published by UBC Press in May 2019. The publication explores how migrant families settle and integrate into Canadian society and navigate, challenge, transform or reproduce presumed boundaries associated with gender, race, ethnicity, sexuality, family, community and nation. Introduction to Putting Family First: Migration and Integration in Canada examines how the family context can be mobilized to facilitate the successful integration of migrants and gives voices to migrant families and communities.
Return Migration Governance in India during COVID-19
Authored by S. Irudaya Rajan, this Migration Research Series paper explores the impact of COVID-19 on the return migration of international and internal Indian migrants. The paper provides an overview of return migration dynamics in India and the various vulnerabilities of Indian migrants that were exacerbated during the pandemic. The paper examines the programmes and policies that supported the reintegration of migrants and makes suggestions for reintegration measures that go beyond the COVID-19 pandemic to consider not only economic reintegration but also the social and psychological experiences of return migrants.
Diálogo Internacional sobre la Migración Nº 31
Impulsar la acción integrada en materia de desarrollo sostenible: Migración, medio ambiente y cambio climático
El cambio climático y la degradación medioambiental —cuyos efectos sobre la migración, la salud, la paz y el desarrollo sostenible ya son manifiestos en todas las regiones del mundo— son, sin lugar a duda, motivos de gran preocupación. En 2011 se celebró la primera sesión del Diálogo Internacional sobre la Migración consagrada al nexo emergente entre la migración, el medio ambiente y el cambio climático. Diez años después, la OIM volvió a incluir este tema fundamental en su programa, en un contexto de creciente apremio político, y en vista de las profundas repercusiones de la crisis sanitaria mundial de la enfermedad coronavírica de 2019 (COVID-19), que vinculan la temática del clima y la migración con las preocupaciones de desarrollo actuales y futuras. En la presente publicación se resumen las deliberaciones de la sesión del Diálogo. También se recopilan las experiencias, las prácticas óptimas, las enseñanzas extraídas y las recomendaciones formuladas para promover una acción integrada en materia de migración, medio ambiente y cambio climático, y apoyar los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS).
Violence Against Children on the Move
From a Continuum of Violence to a Continuum of Protection
Every minute, 20 people – many of them children – are forced from their homes by violence, persecution or conflict. While children account for less than one third of the global population, they make up more than half of today’s refugees worldwide. This publication explores the multitude of ways in which children on the move are being left behind, their human rights denied and basic needs unmet. For these children, the vision of the 2030 Agenda of a world free from fear and violence is merely a distant illusion. But given their devastating daily realities, children are willing to risk uncertain and perilous journeys in search of safety and security. Too often the risks are far more dangerous than they could imagine, as their journeys leave them vulnerable to exploitation by human traffickers and other criminals and frequent hostility from the communities they encounter along the way.
Дослідження щодо торгівлі людьми та незаконного ввезення мігрантів у контексті переміщення, спричиненого війною в україні
Війна в Україні призвела до того, що з лютого 2022 року мільйони людей були переміщені як всередині країни, так і за її межами. У цьому дослідженні UNODC, започаткованому в лютому 2025 року, вивчаються ризики та поширеність торгівлі людьми та незаконного ввезення мігрантів у контексті переміщення, спричиненого конфліктом в Україні, а також наслідки для політики та практики. Дослідження аналізує еволюцію торгівлі людьми та незаконного переміщення мігрантів протягом 2022–2024 років на основі відповідної літератури, статистики, опитування понад 1600 українців і неукраїнців, переміщених з України у 2023 році, та опитувань ключових інформаторів в Україні, Німеччині, Польщі та Швейцарії. Дослідження показує, що на момент публікації кількість випадків незаконного ввезення мігрантів і торгівлі людьми в контексті переміщення залишається відносно низькою. Реакція на біженців у Європі – збереження безвізового режиму в’їзду для біженців з України та сприяння швидкому доступу до тимчасового захисту чи еквівалентного легального статусу проживання – значною мірою запобігла незаконному перевезенню мігрантів у ситуації, коли понад 6,7 мільйонів людей з України шукали притулку за кордоном.
Key Insights from Route-based Research Along the Main Migratory Routes in East and Horn of Africa
This publication presents the main findings from five years of route-based research on migration in the East and Horn of Africa (EHoA), focusing on the region’s three main interregional routes. These include the Eastern Route, from the Horn of Africa to the Arabian Peninsula; the Northern Route, from the Horn of Africa and the Sudan towards North Africa and Europe; and the Southern Route, from the Horn of Africa to Southern Africa. Through 10 key messages, this report provides an accessible overview of migration dynamics, offering valuable insights into the complexities of movements from the region and serving as an entry point for understanding the challenges, drivers and patterns shaping migration in the EHoA.
Migration in the Context of Climate and Environmental Changes within Central Asia and to the European Union and the Russian Federation
This report focuses on the intersection of climate and environmental changes with movements within Central Asia as well as from Central Asia to the European Union and the Russian Federation. The report contributes to a growing body of literature on the matter, including movements affected by the slow- and sudden-onset impacts of climate change. The report identifies new trends in migration affecting the European Union and Central Asia and discusses the current state of legal and policy responses to these movements. It helps countries in the European Union and Central Asia fulfil commitments made in the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration related to understanding the drivers of migration in the context of climate and environmental changes. The recommendations made in the report should also help European and Central Asian governments to develop policies that will enable them to respond to these movements more effectively.
Informe sobre las Migraciones en el Mundo 2024
La OIM lleva publicando este tipo de informes desde el año 2000. El Informe sobre las Migraciones en el Mundo 2024, es el duodécimo de la serie y fue producido con el objetivo de fomentar una mayor comprensión de la migración y la movilidad en todo el mundo. Esta nueva edición presenta datos e información fundamentales sobre la migración, y capítulos temáticos sobre cuestiones de migración de interés actual. Su estructura ha sido adaptada para centrar su atención en dos contribuciones fundamentales para los lectores: la parte I: contiene información fundamental sobre la migración y los migrantes (incluyendo estadísticas sobre migración); y la parte II: proporciona un análisis equilibrado y empírico sobre cuestiones complejas y emergentes relativas a la migración. El Informe sobre las Migraciones en el Mundo, la publicación emblemática de la OIM, se ha elaborado en consonancia con la política de OIM en favor del medio ambiente y solo podrá consultarse en línea. Por consiguiente, no existe en su versión impresa para así reducir las incidencias en materia de consumo de papel, imprenta y transporte.
Asia–Pacific Migration Data Report 2023
The Asia–Pacific Migration Data Report 2023 is the fourth edition of the annual flagship publication series by the IOM Regional Data Hub for Asia and the Pacific. The report provides data-driven insights into key migration trends in 2023, drawing on the latest available data and information from diverse international, regional and national sources. Structured around six thematic pillars – Migration Overview, Types of Migration, Migration Policy, Migration and Vulnerability, Migration and Development and Migration and Innovation – the report aims to foster a nuanced understanding of the migration dynamics in the region. This new edition contributes to supporting evidence-informed policy and programmatic actions towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration, in alignment with the IOM strategic priorities of saving lives and protecting people on the move, driving solutions to displacement, and facilitating pathways for regular migration.
Dialogue international sur la migration No 36
Pensons à demain, agissons aujourd’hui : le futur de la mobilité humaine dans le contexte du changement climatique
La réponse internationale aux défis du changement climatique et de la mobilité humaine se trouve à la croisée des chemins. Il est impératif de faire figurer la mobilité climatique au premier plan des préoccupations politiques. Les conséquences directes des changements climatiques à évolution lente, tels que la baisse de la productivité agricole, pourraient provoquer la migration interne de quelque 216 millions de personnes à l’horizon 2050, et ce, dans six régions. Néanmoins, comme le dit bien le rapport Groundswell de 2021, il est important de noter que ces projections ne sont pas définitives. Si les pays commencent dès aujourd’hui à réduire leurs émissions de gaz à effet de serre, à combler les lacunes de développement, à restaurer les écosystèmes vitaux et à aider les populations à s’adapter, le nombre de migrations climatiques internes pourrait être réduit de 80 %, pour atteindre les 44 millions de personnes d’ici à 2050. Selon le Rapport sur les catastrophes dans le monde 2020, quelque 200 millions de personnes par an auront besoin d’une assistance humanitaire à l’horizon 2050, en raison des effets combinés des catastrophes climatiques et des répercussions socio-économiques du changement climatique. De même, le Bilan mondial sur la réduction des risques de catastrophe publié en 2022 indique que « si les tendances actuelles se maintiennent, le nombre de catastrophes annuelles dans le monde pourrait passer d’environ 400 en 2015 à 560 d’ici 2030, soit une augmentation de 40 % sur la durée de vie du Cadre de Sendai ».
Study on Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants in the Context of the Displacement caused by the War in Ukraine
The war in Ukraine has resulted in millions of people being displaced internally and outside the country since February 2022. This UNODC study, launched in February 2025, examines the risks and incidence of trafficking in persons and smuggling of migrants in the context of the displacement caused by the conflict in Ukraine, and the implications for policy and practice. The research analyses the evolution of trafficking in persons and smuggling of migrants during the years 2022 to 2024, based on relevant literature, statistics, a survey in 2023 of over 1,600 Ukrainians and non-Ukrainians displaced from Ukraine and key informant interviews in Ukraine, Germany, Poland and Switzerland. The study finds that the incidence of smuggling of migrants and trafficking in persons in the context of the displacement remain relatively low as of the time of publication. The refugee response in Europe – maintaining visa-free entry for refugees from Ukraine and facilitating rapid access to temporary protection or equivalent legal residence statuses – largely prevented smuggling of migrants, in a situation where over 6.7 million people from Ukraine sought refuge abroad.
État de la migration dans le monde 2024
La série des rapports de l’OIM sur l’état de la migration dans le monde existe depuis 2000. Le Rapport État de la migration dans le monde 2024, le douzième de la série, a vocation à faire mieux comprendre le phénomène migratoire partout dans le monde. Il présente des données et des informations clés sur la migration et comporte des chapitres thématiques sur des questions migratoires actuelles. Il s’articule autour de deux parties : la partie I, qui fournit des informations clés sur la migration et les migrants (y compris des statistiques relatives à la migration) ; et la partie II, qui propose une analyse équilibrée et fondée sur des éléments factuels de questions migratoires complexes et émergentes. Cette édition du Rapport État de la migration dans le monde, la publication phare de l’OIM, a été produite conformément à la politique de l’environnement de l’OIM et n’est disponible qu’en ligne. Dans un souci de réduction de l’empreinte écologique de la consommation de papier, de l’impression et du transport, aucun exemplaire papier n’a été imprimé.
Housing for Migrants and Refugees in the UNECE Region
Challenges and Practices
The Housing Migrants Study examines current challenges and practices, and through a compendium of best practices, it illustrates that housing for migrants can positively impact the market and facilitate the integration of migrants. Indeed, housing holds a fundamental role in the integrative process of migrants as location, accessibility and affordability significantly determines their opportunities and life chance in the city. Further, this study highlights the key role of cities and local administrations as well as the need to further coordinate policies, programmes and actions from across different sectors and levels of government.
Доклад о миграции в мире 2020
Начиная с 2000 года МОМ составляет доклады о миграции в мире. Доклад о миграции в мире 2020 года, десятый в серии докладов о миграции в мире, был подготовлен для того, чтобы способствовать углублению понимания миграции повсюду в мире. В этом новом издании представлены основные данные и информация о миграции, а также тематические главы по наиболее актуальным вопросам миграции, и оно построено таким образом, чтобы сосредоточить внимание на двух ключевых материалах для читателей: часть I - основная информация о миграции и мигрантах (включая статистику, связанную с миграцией); и часть II – сбалансированный и основанный на фактах анализ сложных и вновь возникающих проблем миграции.
Доклад о миграции в мире 2022
Начиная с 2000 года МОМ каждые два года выпускает свои флагманские доклады о миграции в мире. Доклад о миграции в мире 2022 года, одиннадцатый в серии докладов о миграции в мире, был подготовлен для того, чтобы способствовать углублению понимания миграции и мобильности во всем мире. В этом новом издании представлены основные данные и информация о миграции, а также тематические главы по наиболее актуальным вопросам миграции, и оно построено таким образом, чтобы сосредоточить внимание читателей на двух ключевых материалах: Часть I: основная информация о миграции и мигрантах (включая статистику, связанную с миграцией); и Часть II: сбалансированный и основанный на фактах анализ сложных и вновь возникающих проблем миграции.
Refugees From Ukraine in Lithuania and the Lithuanian Labour Market: A Preliminary Assessment
Authored by Vytenis Juozas Deimantas and Aslı Ebru Şanlıtürk, this Migration Research Series paper focuses on the arrival of refugees from Ukraine on the labour market in Lithuania. The paper examines the distribution of refugees from Ukraine across countries of Lithuania, analyses the unemployment rates in Lithuania by gender, and explores how online job advertisements in Lithuania may or may not be accommodating to refugees from Ukraine. The authors reflect on policymaking efforts that would accommodate both local and refugee populations in the labour market.
Who Are Climate Migrants?
A Global Analysis of the Profiles of Communities Affected by Weather-related Internal Displacements
Weather-related hazards have become a major driver of human mobility worldwide. Over recent decades, disasters, such as floods, storms, wildfires and droughts have displaced hundreds of millions of people, with substantial variation across both geographical areas and types of climate hazards. While global estimates of displacement numbers by hazard type and region are well-established, a significant gap remains in the availability of disaggregated data on key variables – such as age, sex and income – for the populations impacted by these events. This paper aims to bridge this critical knowledge gap by providing detailed estimates of the demographic, socioeconomic and geographical profiles of populations in areas impacted by weather-related displacements worldwide.
Migration Governance Insights on Regular Pathways
Delivering on the Promise of Migration
Regular pathways are essential to realizing the promise of migration. These pathways are the legal and policy frameworks that enable people to move to, enter, stay in, exit or re-enter States along their migration journey in an authorized manner. The impacts of migration depend on where and how people migrate, which in turn depend largely on the options available to them. More and better opportunities for people to move in a regular way are key to realizing the promise of migration. This publication, based on the Migration Governance Indicators (MGI) data from 100 national and 69 local-level assessments conducted between 2016 and 2023, provides insights into what pathways for regular migration look like around the world. It showcases examples of relevant policies at different stages of the migration continuum and across a range of contexts. The report also explores how different enabling factors can support effective and impactful pathways, and which scaling mechanisms can expand existing pathways, and assesses the potential benefits of regular pathways for migrants and countries of origin and destination. Regular pathways are highly diverse and can be characterized in different ways. In this publication, the focus is on the purpose of migration facilitated by a given pathway. Four main reasons for migration are analysed, recognizing that these are not exhaustive or mutually exclusive, as individuals’ motivations to migrate often overlap.