Migration
Climate migration from international perspectives
The Agenda for Humanity, the 2016 United Nations Summit for Refugees and Migrants, the Global Compact for Migration and the Global Compact on Refugees all acknowledge climate change as a major factor influencing migration.
Key patterns of trafficking in persons: Regional overview
The analysis of TIP data in ECOWAS Member States provides important insights into the patterns and trends of the anti-trafficking response in the region.
Foreword
Trafficking in persons (TIP) remains a critical challenge in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) region.
The chain linking climate and trafficking in persons in Ethiopia
This section explains the ways in which climate links to TIP – specifically exploitation – in Ethiopia, based on both primary and secondary data and analysis.
Conceptual framework
Migration is the foundation of human history and the evolution of human society.
Conclusion and recommendations
The findings of this study underscore the health impacts of climate change on internal migrant workers in the industrial zones of Hanoi, the capital of Viet Nam.
Introduction
TIP is a serious human rights violation that continues to affect millions of people globally, including in the West African region (UNODC, 2024).
Migration, population change and human development
The population of Seychelles has been growing steadlily since 2014 (Table 9).
Acknowledgements
Annika Klintefelt (Statistics Denmark, Chair of the Task Force); Julien Bérard-Chagnon, Geneviève Ouellet and Jean-François Simard (Statistics Canada); Marie Clerc and Olivier Haag (INSEE, France); Sheelagh Bonham and Tim Linehan (CSO, Ireland); Donatella Zindato (Istat, Italy); Daan Zult (CBS, Netherlands); Nathaniel Matheson-Dunning and Hannes Diener (Stats New Zealand); Pawel Murawski (Statistics Poland); Liana Vologirova (Rosstat, Russian Federation); Charlie Wroth-Smith and Karina Williams (ONS, England and Wales); Vincent Mule (United States Census Bureau); Fabian Bach and Sixten Thestrup (Eurostat); Paolo Valente and Andres Vikat (UNECE); Siraj Mahmudlu and Anja Teltschik (UNICEF); Maria Isabel Cobos Hernandez (UNSD).
Executive summary
Climate change is increasingly recognized as a complex global challenge with far-reaching implications for human societies. Its effects extend beyond environmental impacts, affecting various aspects of human society, including economic systems, social structures and human rights. There is evidence suggesting a direct link between climate events and incidents of human trafficking, yet the precise mechanisms driving this relationship are not fully understood.
Research scope
The overall scope of this research is to contribute to the understanding of the interlinks between climate change and vulnerability to trafficking and exploitation, throughout different locations and climatic regions. It also proposes policy recommendations to address and mitigate such interlinks. It does so by addressing the following research questions: How and to what extent do the impacts of climate change on livelihood influence risks of trafficking and exploitation? How does this differ between different locations and climate change contexts?
Acknowledgements
We, the authors, would like to express our sincere gratitude to IOM for commissioning this research as part of the Climate Resilience Against Trafficking and Exploitation (CREATE) project.
Political, economic and structural factors affecting the link
This section discusses the structural, economic and political factors that affect the climate change–trafficking chain.
Acknowledgements
This report is part of the project Building Evidence and Developing Capacity to Inform Policy and Programmatic Responses for the Protection of Families Staying Behind in the Gambia, implemented by IOM in the Gambia and funded by the IOM Development Fund.
Conclusion and policy recommendations
The study investigates the role of climate change as a migration driver, viewing climate as the envelope within which all activities occur.
Political, economic and structural factors affecting the link
This section discusses the structural, economic and political factors that affect the climate change–trafficking chain.
Recommendations on the international level
Acknowledgements
We, the authors, would like to express our sincere gratitude to IOM for commissioning this research as part of the Climate Resilience Against Trafficking and Exploitation (CREATE) project.
Acknowledgements
This publication was developed by a team of researchers under the auspices of the Migration Research Unit (MRU), Faculty of Economics and Political Science (Feps), Cairo University, with the support of the International Organization for Migration (IOM).
Executive summary
Climate change poses significant challenges for Ethiopia, with both slow- and sudden-onset events increasingly affecting communities across the country.
Migration and the environment
Seychelles is a major tourist destination due to its diverse and productive marine ecosystem in an area spanning 1.4 million km2 within its EEZ.
Executive summary
Climate change poses significant challenges for the Philippines, with both slow- and sudden-onset events increasingly affecting communities across the country.
Frameworks and legal instruments on trafficking in persons
The international, African and regional communities have developed a range of frameworks and legal instruments that aim to prevent and combat TIP, protect and support VOTs and hold traffickers accountable.
Acknowledgements
This study was funded by the Migration Health Division, International Organization for Migration (IOM).
Climate drivers for migration
Humanity is facing grave environmental challenges all over the globe and migration is one of the adaptive solutions to environmental challenges.
Foreword
This Migration Profile for Seychelles is the second of its kind, providing updated details on migration issues that have evolved since 2014.