Women and Gender Issues
Introductory essay: The case for scientific literacy
The Copernican Revolution is credited with changing man's perception of himself and his place in the universe. The Earth was no longer thought to be the centre of the world as the ancients believed but rather a small planet rotating around an average star.
Выражение признательности
Доклад Женщины мира в 2015 году: тенденции и статистика был подготовлен Статисти- ческим отделом Организации Объединенных Наций (СОООН) Департамента по экономи- ческим и социальным вопросам (ДЭСВ). Данная публикация стала результатом коллектив- ных усилий с участием широкого круга специалистов по всему миру.
Communication
Apart from daily engagement with communities and victims/survivors of violence and crime the police need to engage with a wide range of justice agencies and local stakeholders to ensure the delivery of essential services. As a result a broad range of interpersonal skills to enable the police to communicate effectively are perhaps more crucial than ever.
Balancing the scales: Groundbreaking legal cases that have changed women’s lives
Strategic litigation is the process of bringing a case to court with the goal of creating broader legal and social change. Alongside political lobbying and mobilizing social movements it is a tactic that advocates have used to challenge gender discrimination and raise awareness of women’s rights.
Initial contact
A positive initial contact experience with the justice system is crucial for victims/survivors of violence. Services must be available and accessible to all women. According to the ESP the most important element of the initial contact will be the ability of the police to demonstrate to the victim/survivor that the justice system and the justice service providers in this system are committed to her health and safety take her complaint seriously allow for her story to be heard and want to ensure that she is well supported on her journey through the justice system.
Improve maternal health
After years of neglect maternal mortality is finally becoming a development priority spurred on by the launch of the United Nations Secretary-General’s Global Strategy for Women’s and Children’s Health in September 2010.
Защита прав человека женщин в международном праве
Со времен основания Организации Объединенных Наций равенство мужчин и женщин входит в число наиболее первоочередных гаран- тий прав человека. Принятый в 1945 году Устав Организации Объе- диненных Наций ставит перед ней задачу «вновь утвердить веру в основные права человека в достоинство и ценность человеческой личности в равноправие мужчин и женщин». Согласно статье 1 Уста- ва одна из целей Организации Объединенных Наций заключается в поощрении уважения к правам человека и основным свободам для всех «без различия расы пола языка и религии». Запрет на дискри- минацию по признаку пола вновь подтверждается в статьях 13 (пол- номочия Генеральной Ассамблеи) и 55 (содействие всеобщему ува- жению права человека).
Standards of conduct
According to interviewees challenges remain with creating an enabling work environment that nurtures a culture of respect for the rights and dignity of the UN personnel beneficiaries and communities that the UN assists. UN personnel are required to adhere to the Standards of Conduct for the International Civil Service. All UN entities and personnel should be guided by the UN core values and be equipped with the skills behaviours and core competencies required for the successful delivery of the organization’s mandate both throughout their work and beyond UN premises and operations. These standards of conduct include guiding principles to eliminate sexual exploitation and abusevii misconduct abuse of power discrimination and harassment including sexual harassment and uphold the reputation of the organization.
Institutional arrangements
At the Fourth World Conference on Women Member States unanimously agreed that the design implementation and effective monitoring of mutually reinforcing gender-sensitive policies and programmes at all levels constituted key elements to foster the advancement and empowerment of women. To this effect the Platform for Action included a chapter on institutional arrangements. It articulated a set of actions including for the United Nations to encourage and catalyse lasting and fundamental change for gender equality and the empowerment of women.
Introduction
The present volume is dedicated to an in-depth discussion of the contribution of standards to Agenda 2030 and specifically to Goal 5: “Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment”.
Justice for women during and after conflict
For 14 years women in Liberia bore the brunt of two brutal wars characterized by the use of child soldiers mass displacement and widespread sexual and gender-based violence. Women were also instrumental in ending the fighting in the country and bringing peace to its people.
Justice
In courtrooms around the world women have challenged and overcome genderbased injustices. The 1991 Unity Dow case in which the Botswana Citizenship Act was found to discriminate against women or the case of Amina Lawal in Nigeria whose sentence to death by stoning for alleged adultery was overturned by the Sharia Court of Appeal in 2003 are examples of cases that make the news and change legal history. 1 Women’s groups around the world have made domestic violence lack of inheritance rights marital rape and sexual harassment public issues not matters to be resolved in private. As human rights activist Eleanor Roosevelt wrote:
هيئات الأمم المتحدة
مجلس حقوق الإنسان هو الهيئة الحكومية الدولية الرئيسية التابعة للأمم المتحدة والمعنية بتعزيز حقوق الإنسان وحمايتها. ويتألف مجلس حقوق الإنسان من 47 دولة تنتخبها الجمعية العامة، ويعقد بانتظام، منذ إنشائه في عام 2006 ، حلقات نقاش خاصة عن حقوق المرأة وإدماج المنظور الجنساني. وهناك أيضاً العديد من القرارات الي أصدرها المجلس ولجنة حقوق الإنسان الي سبقته، والي تدعو الدول إلى الوفاء بالتزاماتها المتعلقة بحقوق المرأة. ولهذه المناقشات والقرارات دور هام في الإبقاء على حقوق المرأة مدرجة على جدول الأعمال الدولي.
Who Answers to Women?
This volume of Progress of the World’s Women asks the question “Who answers to women?” at a pivotal moment. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) agreed to in 2000 contain a commitment to achieving gender equality and women’s empowerment including indicators and concrete targets related to girls’ education and to maternal mortality. The MDGs also monitor progress on women’s ability to engage in economic activity and public decision-making on an equal basis with men. Halfway to 2015 the year when the MDGs should be met by all countries progress has been mixed. This volume of Progress of the World’s Women demonstrates that the MDGs and other international commitments to women will only be met if gender-responsive accountability systems are put in place both nationally and internationally.