Pérou

The world has experienced multiple crises in recent years: the COVID-19 pandemic; food, fuel, and financial crises; climate-related disasters; and violent conflict. The need for universal, gender-responsive social protection systems is thus increasingly urgent. This paper employs quantitative panel data and qualitative interviews to present an analysis of gender, poverty dynamics, and social protection in three countries spanning different geographies—rural Bangladesh, Peru, and the United Republic of Tanzania—amid shocks and crises. It also examines the implications of the analysis results for social protection system design and implementation. Results highlight high rates of transient poverty in all three countries, reflecting the underlying vulnerability of households and crisis-driven downward income mobility. In the face of shocks, women’s resources (for example, education levels and ownership of phones or financial accounts) and agency within and outside of the household (for example, right to sell land and comfort in speaking up on public needs) are a critical means of supporting household resilience. However, adverse financial inclusion and other barriers constrain these efforts. Moreover, low social protection coverage has limited the ability of households, and women within them, to draw on social protection entitlements to maintain resilience during shocks. Although there was a surge in social protection responses during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, results suggest that this remained largely inadequate in guarding women’s resilience. Based on the study findings, we derive implications for policymakers and practitioners regarding the gender-responsive design and implementation of social protection during shocks, stressors, and crises.

بين سنتي 2008 و 2019 ، اضطر حوالي 656.000 من بين سكان البلاد البالغ عددهم 33 مليون نسمة، إلى التنقّل إثر حدوث كوارث طبيعية، حسب مركز رصد التنقلات الداخلية IDMC( (. ويُتوقّع أن تبلغ هذه التنقلات، بحلول سنة 2100 ، مستويات غير مسبوقة مع تصاعد حادّ لوتيرة التقلّبات الطبيعية واشتدادها.

Entre 2008 y 2019, de los 33 millones de habitantes de Perú, unos 656.000 se vieron obligados a desplazarse por catástrofes naturales, según el Observatorio de Desplazamientos Internos (IDMC, por sus siglas en inglés). Se calcula que para 2100 los riesgos por movimientos humanos podrían incrementarse hasta niveles sin precedentes y dispararse la frecuencia e intensidad de los peligros ambientales.

Voluntary peer reviews provide an expert and independent assessment of the effectiveness of the consumer protection right in a given country; analyze the legislative, institutional and public policy frameworks, together with the application of the law, in order to determine the difficulties to be faced and the areas that can be improved in the legal and institutional frameworks; assess the degree of awareness of relevant stakeholders about consumer protection, as well as their contributions in this area; formulate and recommend appropriate measures; and assist implementation of relevant recommendations by developing a capacity-building programme.

Accord de prêt (Projet d’amélioration de la qualité de l’enseignement supérieur) entre la République du Pérou et la Banque internationale pour la reconstruction et le développement (avec annexes, appendice et Conditions générales applicables aux prêts de la Banque internationale pour la reconstruction et le développement, en date du 12 mars 2012). Lima, 15 janvier 2013

Accord de prêt (Projet d’assistance technique d’inclusion sociale) entre la République du Pérou et la Banque internationale pour la reconstruction et le développement (avec annexes, appendice et Conditions générales applicables aux prêts de la Banque internationale pour la reconstruction et le développement, en date du 12 Mars 2012). Lima, 15 Janvier 2013