Philippines
Substance use and premarital sex among adolescents in Indonesia, Nepal, the Philippines and Thailand
Early initiation of smoking and drinking are well known to have both immediate and long-term adverse health and social consequences (CDC 1994; Gruber and others 1996; WHO 1997). Premarital sex during adolescence is often unprotected against unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections and as a consequence often results in adverse social economic and health consequences (UNICEF UNAIDS and WHO 2002; WHO 2001). For these reasons substance use and premarital sex during adolescence are regarded as risk-taking behaviour. Limited studies on substance use and premarital sex also indicate that the prevalence of these risk-taking behaviours among adolescents is increasing in Asian countries (Corraro and others 2000; Tan 1994; Issarabhakdi 2000). In order to formulate and implement effective adolescent health policies and programmes it is essential that the prevalence of adolescent risk-taking behaviousr and the factors associated with them are identified.
Influences on client loyalty to reproductive health-care clinics in the Philippines and Thailand
Studies of factors that affect client loyalty to reproductive health (RH) clinics are limited. This is the case even though the International Conference on Population and Development held at Cairo in 1994 noted among other issues the importance of understanding how client perceptions of quality and satisfaction impact continued use of RH clinics (Ashford 2001). From the client’s perspective stronger clinic loyalty enhances willingness to follow treatment recommendations and keep subsequent appointments (RamaRao and others 2003). From the clinic’s perspective stronger loyalty results in more positive word-of-mouth and repeated visits. Visit continuity in turn increases staff’s ability to deliver quality care and reduces higher costs of recruiting new clients to replace one or two-time users (Sandaram Mitra and Webster 1998).
Unintended pregnancies and prenatal, delivery and postnatal outcomes among young women in the Philippines
Addressing unmet need: Potential for increasing contraceptive prevalence in the Philippines
Sample surveys carried out during the last four decades have proven the existence of “unmet need” a term coined to describe a significant gap between a woman’s sexual and contraceptive behaviour and her stated fertility preference. According to the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) definition a woman has an unmet need for contraception if she is fecund sexually active and not using any contraceptive method and yet does not want a child for at least two years. If a woman is pregnant or amenorrhoeic after giving birth she is also considered to have had an unmet need if she had not wanted the pregnancy or birth either when it occurred or ever (Ross and Winfrey 2002).
Breast-feeding and return to fertility: Clinical evidence from Pakistan, Philippines and Thailand
Breast-feeding is known to prevent women from becoming pregnant under certain circumstances. In recent years reproductive physiologists have been studying the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis to learn more precisely how lactation postpones the return of “fertility” or fecundity. Family planning researchers are interested in knowing not only how breast-feeding inhibits ovulation but how the return of fertility can be predicted during breast-feeding so that its natural contraceptive benefit can be relied upon with confidence.
An analysis of the effects of fertility on women’s spatial mobility in the Philippines
Although numerous studies have been conducted on the interaction between fertility and migration in the context of rapid population growth in developing countries little has been said about the impact of fertility on migration. Instead attention has been focused disproportionately on the effects of migration on fertility (Myers 1966; Macisco et al. 1970; Zarate and Zarate 1975; Magnani 1980; Goldstein and Goldstein 1981 1983; Weller and Bouvier 1981; Findley 1982; Berry 1983; Lee and Farber 1984).
Breast-feeding trends and the breast-feeding promotion programme in the Philippines
In the context of East and South-east Asia the Philippines is an underachieving country; living standards have not improved much in recent years. (Table 1 provides some relevant data about the Philippines.) In this setting breast-feeding is especially important for child health and child nutrition as well as child spacing. The Philippines is one of several developing countries having comparable national data on breast-feeding trends for the past several decades.
Patterns in living arrangements and familial support for the elderly in the Philippines
Living arrangements for the elderly of the future will not necessarily continue to be predominently with a child as coresident.
The role of grassroots organizations in promoting population programmes: The case of Cebu, Philippines
A major outcome of the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) is the expansion of population programmes to include reproductive health services and strategies to raise the status of women (United Nations 1994). Grassroots women’s organizations influenced the recommendations as well as the strategies for their implementation. In the pre-planning stages within countries and during the Conference itself the Women’s Caucus representing more than 400 organizations from 62 countries stressed the important role that women’s empowerment plays in promoting acceptance and use of reproductive health services (Ashford 1995). They argued that women who are empowered that is who have control over their lives and have skills in seeking information and using resources are more likely to make their own reproductive decisions.
Revisiting sectoral liberalization: An alternative to the Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific? Implications for the Philippines
Logit and principal component analyses of the management of marine protected areas in North-Eastern Iloilo, Philippines
Assessment of Development Results - The Philippines
This ADR has examined contribution made by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to development results and its strategic positioning in the Philippines during the latest two programming cycles: 2001-2009.
Ensuring the Safety of Imported Food
Current Approaches for Imported Food Control in Myanmar, Nepal, the Philippines and Sri Lanka
Food products have been the third most valuable commodity group traded internationally and imports constitute a significant proportion of the food supplies of developing countries in particular. FAO Members have expressed the need for technical support and guidance to achieve effective national imported food control systems. In 2017 FAO collaborated with the Governments of Myanmar Nepal the Philippines and Sri Lanka under the project entitled “Strengthening national capacity for risk-based food import control within a One Health framework” to support the countries in improving their existing systems of national imported food controls. National situation reports of the countries were developed to identify and document their systems’ current status with their strengths and any improvements needed. Findings of the national situation reports have indicated that there are common approaches and tools that can be used to address the needs in all four countries despite the differences in their levels of development human capacities and institutional structures. The present document has compiled all four national situation reports and summarized some approaches and tools that would be applicable to most developing countries in the world including the: 1) use of risk categorization to prioritize commodity and hazard combinations to create a concise and easy reference for border control officials so that high-risk and high-interest food items will receive more attention than other food items; 2) nationwide dissemination and use of standard operating procedures for risk-based inspections for imported foods to maintain consistency and transparency; and 3) systematic written communication mechanism among food safety competent authorities and relevant border control officials on importer profiles the abovementioned risk categorization results and required documents to achieve effective risk-based management for imported foods.
Assessment of Development Results - Philippines (Second Assessment)
Independent Country Programme Evaluation of UNDP Contribution
The Independent Evaluation Office (IEO) of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) conducts country evaluations called “Independent Country Programme Evaluations (ICPEs)” to capture and demonstrate evaluative evidence of UNDP’s contributions to development results at the country level as well as the effectiveness of UNDP’s strategy in facilitating and leveraging national effort for achieving development results. This is the second ICPE for the Philippines conducted in 2017 towards the end of the current UNDP programme cycle of 2012-2018. The first ICPE for the Philippines was conducted in 2009. The current evaluation results are expected to feed into the development of the new country programme.
No. 33014. Germany and Philippines
Agreement concerning financial cooperation in 1995. Signed at Manila on 15 February 1996
No. 33342. Australia and Philippines
Agreement on the promotion and protection of investments (with protocol). Signed at Manila on 25 January 1995
No. 32573. Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency and Philippines
Letter Agreement on legal protection for guaranteed foreign investments. Signed at Manila on 20 April 1994 and at Washington on 21 June 1994
No. 33541. International Fund for Agricultural Development and Philippines
Loan Agreement-Rural Micro-enterprise Finance Project (with schedules and General Conditions Applicable to Loan and Guarantee Agreements of the Fund dated 19 September 1986). Signed at Manila on 8 May 1996
No. 33540. International Fund for Agricultural Development and Philippines
Loan Agreement-CordilleraH ighlandAgriculturaRl esource Management Project (with schedules and General Conditions Applicable to Loan and Guarantee Agreements of the Fund dated 19 September 1986). Signed at Rome on 6 March 1996
No. 31705. United Nations and Philippines
Exchange of letters constituting an agreement regarding the Third International Workshop of National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights to be held in Manila from 18 to 21 April 1995 (with annex). Geneva 5 and 12 April 1995
No. 31914. Germany and Philippines
Agreement concerning financial cooperation-Repair of Damage caused by Volcanic Eruptions II. Signed at Manila on 21 May 1993
No. 32816. United Nations and Philippines
Exchange of letters constituting an agreement concerning the United Nations/European Space Agency Workshop on Microwave Remote Sensing Applications to be held in Manila Philippines from 22 to 26 April 1996. Vienna 29 March and 18 April 1996
No. 31830. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and Philippines
Guarantee Agreement-Leyte-Luzon Geothermal Project-PNOC (with General Conditions Applicable to Loan and Guarantee Agreements dated 1 January 1985). Signed at Washington on 12 September 1994
No. 31829. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and Philippines
Guarantee Agreement-Leyte-Luzon Geothermal Project-NPC (with General Conditions Applicable to Loan and Guarantee Agreements dated 1 January 1985). Signed at Washington on 12 September 1994
No. 28994. Exchange of notes constituting an agreement between the Government of United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the Republic of the Philippines concerning certain commercial debts (The United Kingdom/Philippines Debt Agreement No. 4 (1991). London, 13 November 1991
No. 33284. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and Philippines
Guarantee Agreement—Second Rural Finance Project—Currency Pool Loan (with General Conditions Applicable to Loan and Guarantee Agreements dated 1 January 1985). Signed at Washington on 10 October 1995
No. 33286. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and Philippines
Guarantee Agreement—Second Rural Finance Project— Floating Rate Single Currency Loan (with General Conditions Applicable to Loan and Guarantee Agreements for Single Currency Loans dated 30 May 1995). Signed at Washington on 10 October 1995
No. 33285. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and Philippines
Guarantee Agreement—Second Rural Finance Project—Fixed Rate Single Currency Loan (with General Conditions Applicable to Loan and Guarantee Agreements for Single Currency Loans dated 30 May 1995). Signed at Washington on 10 October 1995
No. 33563. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and Philippines
Guarantee Agreement- Transmission Grid Reinforcement Project-Currency Pool Loan (with General Conditions Applicable to Loan and Guarantee Agreements for Single Currency Loans dated 30 May 1995). Signed at Washington on 15 May 1996
No. 33562. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and Philippines
Guarantee Agreement- Transmission Grid Reinforcement Project-FloatingR ate Single Currency Loan (with General Conditions Applicable to Loan and Guarantee Agreements for Single Currency Loans dated 30 May 1995). Signed at Washington on 15 May 1996
No. 32679. Netherlands and Philippines
Convention for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income (with protocol). Signed at Manila on 9 March 1989
Philippines
Reply to the United Nations national accounts questionnaire from the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) Manila.
Philippines
Reply to the United Nations national accounts questionnaire from the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) Manila.