أفغانستان
UNCTAD Insights: The role of innovation policies in SME internationalization: Evidence from Türkiye
This research note investigates the relative innovation performance and international presence of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Türkiye. Using administrative data for the period 2006–2020, the empirical analysis shows that government support for research and development (R&D) correlates positively with firms’ innovation activities and R&D expenditure. The results also suggest that innovation activities increase the probability of outward foreign direct investment. The results have important policy implications for Türkiye and developing countries in general. The findings highlight the key role of public incentives in targeting innovative activities towards internationalization of SMEs.
No. 51065. Turkey, Organization of the Islamic Conference and United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
Memorandum of Understanding between the Republic of Turkey, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Paris, France and the Organization of the Islamic Conference-Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture (IRCICA), Istanbul, Turkey concerning the establishment of the Süleymaniye Book Hospital Project (with annex). Paris, 29 November 2006
No. 51070. Slovakia and Turkey
Agreement between the Slovak Republic and the Republic of Turkey on social security. Ankara, 25 January 2007
No. 51060. Turkey and Azerbaijan
Agreement on strategic partnership and mutual assistance between the Republic of Turkey and the Republic of Azerbaijan. Baku, 16 August 2010
No. 51437. Turkey and Peru
Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the Government of the Republic of Peru on the mutual exemption of visas (with annexes). Ankara, 18 June 2012
No. 51441. Turkey and Azerbaijan
Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the Government of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the reciprocal protection and promotion of investments. Izmir, 25 October 2011
No. 51429. Turkey and Australia
Convention between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the Government of Australia for the avoidance of double taxation with respect to taxes on income and the prevention of fiscal evasion (with protocol). Ankara, 28 April 2010
No. 51440. Turkey and Azerbaijan
Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the Government of the Republic of Azerbaijan concerning the transit passage of natural gas originating and transiting from the Republic of Azerbaijan to and through the territory of the Republic of Turkey via the Trans Anatolian Natural Gas Pipeline System (with appendix). Istanbul, 26 June 2012
No. 51433. Turkey and Morocco
Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the Government of the Kingdom of Morocco on cooperation in the field of health. Rabat, 30 March 2005
No. 44586. Turkey and Colombia
AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF COLOMBIA ON MUTUAL SUPPRESSION OF VISA REQUIREMENTS FOR HOLDERS OF DIPLOMATIC, OFFICIAL, SERVICE AND SPECIAL PASSPORTS. ANKARA, 17 MAY 2006 [United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2484, I-44586.]
No. 51352. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and Turkey
Guarantee Agreement (Small and Medium Enterprises Energy Efficiency Project) between the Republic of Turkey and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (with International Bank for Reconstruction and Development General Conditions for Loans, dated 12 March 2012). Ankara, 6 May 2013
No. 51349. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and Turkey
Loan Agreement (Competitiveness and Savings Development Policy Loan) between the Republic of Turkey and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (with schedules, appendix and International Bank for Reconstruction and Development General Conditions for Loans, dated 12 March 2012). Ankara, 7 June 2013
No. 51351. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and Turkey
Guarantee Agreement (Small and Medium Enterprises Energy Efficiency Project) between the Republic of Turkey and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (with International Bank for Reconstruction and Development General Conditions for Loans, dated 12 March 2012). Ankara, 6 May 2013
No. 51350. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and Turkey
Guarantee Agreement (Small and Medium Enterprises Energy Efficiency Project) between the Republic of Turkey and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (with International Bank for Reconstruction and Development General Conditions for Loans, dated 12 March 2012). Ankara, 6 May 2013
No. 51029. Turkey and Ukraine
Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine on Co-operation in Railway Transport. Ankara, 7 June 2005
No. 50872. Turkey and Georgia
Agreement Between the Government of the Republic of Turkey and the Government of the Republic of Georgia on Crossing Points at the Customs Borders. Ankara, 4 April 1996 [United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 2921, I-50872.]