- Главная
- А-Я публикации
- CEPAL Review
- Previous Issues
- Volume 2004, Issue 82, 2004
CEPAL Review - Volume 2004, Issue 82, 2004
Volume 2004, Issue 82, 2004
Cepal Review is the leading journal for the study of economic and social development issues in Latin America and the Caribbean. Edited by the Economic Commission for Latin America, each issue focuses on economic trends, industrialization, income distribution, technological development and monetary systems, as well as the implementation of reforms and transfer of technology. Written in English and Spanish (Revista De La Cepal), each tri-annual issue brings you approximately 12 studies and essays undertaken by authoritative experts or gathered from conference proceedings.
-
-
The devious maze of the international order the importation of reforms
Автор: David IbarraThis paper seeks to make a historical review of the models which have guided the international economic order since the last century: how and why they evolved until bipolarism spilled over into international relations and the neoliberal ideology took root. It also examines the adjustments that the countries on the periphery have made in order to adapt to these models. In Latin America, the abrupt opening of frontiers and the abolition of protectionism, but without an appropriate institutional framework, have given rise to lower economic development, deterioration in the social field, and the discrediting of democracy. This analysis, when applied to specific changes which have taken place in the models adopted and the way they have been implemented in the region, reveals their relative degrees of validity and the existence of considerable areas of leeway which have so far been insufficiently exploited.
-
-
-
Foreign banks in Latin America: A paradoxical result
Авторы): Graciela Moguillansky, Rogério Studart and Sebastián Vergara M.During the 1890s there was a dramatic increase in the presence of foreign banking in Latin America. Macroeconomic stability and economic reforms, especially capital market and financial liberalization, created attractive conditions for banks which were looking for economies of scale and worldwide growth. At the same time governments hoped that foreign bank penetration would provide a solution to the need to increase capital within the system, as well as representing an insurance against systemic risk. The efforts to attract foreign investment coincided with the strategy of the leading players to become global banks. Now that the initial penetration has been achieved, it is worth analyzing what the impacts have been on the performance of the financial system. The main conclusion is that there has been a positive outcome for the region in terms of microeconomic efficiency, but this contrasts with the macroeconomic impact.
-
-
-
A proposal for unitary taxes on the profits of transnational corporation
Автор: Andrew MoldForeign direct investment (FDD in developing countries has been increasing at an unprecedented rate, and the profitability of the operations of the investing firms in poor regions like Sub-Saharan Africa is extraordinarily high. Vet at the same time there is growing evidence that transnational corporations (TNCs) are paying less and less in terms of tax The developing countries in particular have suffered from this —it has been estimated that developing country governments lose at least US$35 billion a year of revenue through tax avoidance practices. This paper presents empirical evidence and a proposal for applying a unitary tax system on the profits of TNCs. Such a system would eliminate one of the most powerful mechanisms at the disposal of TNCs for illegally avoiding tax payments— transfer pricing. The paper concludes by arguing that a proposal for a unitary tax system on a worldwide basis may be sufficient to unblock the negotiations on a multilateral investment code.
-
-
-
Regional integration and macroeconomic coordination in Latin America
Автор: Hubert EscaithThe contagion aspects of the financial and exchange-rate cases in recent years demonstrate the need to extend the domain of macroeconomic policy from the national dimension to the regional one. This paper presents the main concepts and challenges behind macroeconomic policy cooperation in Latin America and the Caribbean and evaluates them from a game-theory perspective. Under certain conditions related to the debate on optimal currency areas, entering into a cooperative dynamic will be beneficial for all participants. Moreover, it is shown that because the welfare gains from regional cooperation are endogenous, cooperation win eventually become stable, even in the presence of a Prisoner’s Dilemma. Albeit promising at the subregional level, however, the initial conditions observed in Latin America are still far from the conditions of self-sustained dynamics. At the initial stage of coordination, cooperation is unstable, and a formal institutional setting is needed to start and coordinate the cooperative process. In addition, more traditional policies of trade integration should be pursued.
-
-
-
Import substitution in high-tech industries: Prebisch lives in Asia!
Автор: Alice H. AmsdenPrebisch “lives” in Asia because leading Asian governments still actively promote import substitution of high-tech parts and components. But they use promotional measures other than tariff protection to do so. Given performance standards, they have been highly successful. Now Latin America is behind Asian latecomers because it missed becoming a player in the information technology revolution. But Latin America can still learn from Asia rather than the Washington Consensus about how nationally owned enterprises can build mature high-tech industries in fields other than electronics.
-
-
-
Industrial competitiveness in Brazil ten years after economic liberalization
Авторы): Joao Carlos Ferraz, David Kupfer and Mariana IoottyThis article examines the nature and extent of the changes in Brazilian industry after ten years of economic liberalization The article demonstrates that most structural features of Brazilian industry remain unchanged except in the management of production processes and in the ownership structure of firms, as rationalization and inward internationalization became generalized processes. Brazil may face a development paradox in the years to come. History suggests that local capital and innovation capabilities have been outstanding features of countries successful in achieving sustained economic development. If internationalization of ownership is to remain and local innovation capabilities are to be pursued, then Brazilian private and public policy makers must depart from established policy practices and seek new ways of regulating and inducing firms towards local value creation.
-
-
-
The influence of capital origin on Brazilian foreign trade patterns
Авторы): Celio Hiratuka and Fernanda de NegriThis article aims to determine whether the geographical pattern of the external trade of foreign-owned enterprises in Brazil differs from that of domestic enterprises and whether, in the case of foreign enterprises, the region of origin of their capital is an important factor in determining that pattern, both in terms of the origin and destination of their imports and exports and with regard to the technological content of the pattern. The methodology employed was panel analysis, applied to a representative set of enterprises, using trade data broken down by region for 1989, 1997 and 2000.
-
-
-
Information and knowledge: The diffusion of information and communication technologies in the Argentine manufacturing sector
Авторы): Gabriel Yoguel, Marta Novick, Dario Milesi and Jose BorelloThis article seeks to make a contribution to the study of information and knowledge in Latin America, with special attention to the use and diffusion of information and communication technologies (ICT) in Argentine manufacturing. It addresses two main aspects of this subject: the real extent of the use and diffusion of ICT, and its links with the overall performance of enterprises (innovation capacity, organization of work and competitiveness). It studies and summarizes the use and diffusion of those technologies in Argentine industry in order to i) present an empirical map of their use and diffusion in the Argentine manufacturing sector and ii) identify the linkages of such diffusion with the endogenous capabilities of the enterprises. It maintains that the incorporation and use of those technologies cannot be analyzed without taking into consideration the degree of development of endogenous capabilities achieved by the firms in question. On the basis of a survey of 246 Argentine industrial enterprises, it draws some conclusions on the way Argentine enterprises use ICT. not only in order to improve what they are already doing, but also to generate new knowledge.
-
-
-
Local economic development and decentralization in Latin America
Автор: Francisco AlburquerqueThis article describes the work done under the ECLAC/GTZ project directed until his death by Gabriel Aghion from the ECLAC Economic Development Division. It shows that the emergence of local economic development initiatives is not only the consequence of the decentralization processes under way in the different countries of the region but is the result of a more complex set of factors which have arisen in the local areas themselves and have given rise to the mobilization and action of public and private local agents. The project carried out almost thirty case studies in seven countries of the region and is one of the most extensive studies made since local economic development initiatives began to be made in Latin America.
-
-
-
Migrations, the labour market and poverty in Greater Buenos Aires
Авторы): Rosalía Cortés and Fernando GroismanThis study analyses the labour behaviour of two segments of migrants - one coming from the provincial areas of Argentina and the other from neighbouring countries - in Greater Buenos Aires during the 1990s. Their labour trajectories were different: the economic activity of the migrants from neighbouring countries increased, but there was an expansion in the proportion of internal migrants in the ’not working” category. A process of replacement of internal migrants with migrants from neighbouring countries took place; the latter worked in precarious, poorly-paid occupations, while the internal migrants swelled the ranks of the “structural poor”: persons with no trade, only occasional employment, and few possibilities of improving their situation in the near future.
-
-
-
Households, poverty and policy in times of crisis. Mexico, 1992-1996
Авторы): Benjamín Davis, Sudhanshu Handa and Humberto SotoBefore the 1995 crisis. Mexico had registered over a decade of improvements in human development indicators. Using decomposition techniques, this paper measures the benefits of those improvements in terms of allowing households to cope with that crisis. The decline in consumption between 1994 and 1996 is amply explained by the reduction in the returns to household characteristics, with the changes in those characteristics serving to reduce the negative impact of the crisis. Had household characteristics remained at their 1992 levels, rural poverty in 1996 would have been 48% higher than observed. The results of our simulation show that had the PROGRESA programme been in place during the crisis, the rural poverty gap and the squared poverty gap would have been reduced. The conclusion is that social programmes that focus on long term development can also perform an important safety net function during a macroeconomic crisis.
-
Volumes & issues
-
Volume 2023
-
Volume 2022
-
Volume 2021
-
Volume 2020
-
Volume 2019
-
Volume 2018
-
Volume 2017
-
Volume 2016
-
Volume 2015
-
Volume 2014
-
Volume 2013
-
Volume 2012
-
Volume 2011
-
Volume 2010
-
Volume 2009
-
Volume 2008
-
Volume 2007
-
Volume 2006
-
Volume 2005
-
Volume 2004
-
Volume 2003
-
Volume 2002
-
Volume 2001
-
Volume 2000
-
Volume 1999
-
Volume 1998
-
Volume 1997
-
Volume 1996
-
Volume 1995
-
Volume 1994
-
Volume 1993
-
Volume 1992
-
Volume 1991
-
Volume 1990
-
Volume 1989
-
Volume 1988
-
Volume 1987
-
Volume 1986
-
Volume 1985
-
Volume 1984
-
Volume 1983
-
Volume 1982
-
Volume 1981
-
Volume 1980
-
Volume 1979
-
Volume 1978
-
Volume 1977
-
Volume 1976