Life on Land
Executive summary
As urban populations grow and natural buffers shrink, cities face mounting challenges—from water scarcity and heat stress to biodiversity loss and declining air quality.
The way forward
Sustainable urban and peri-urban forestry is a national imperative with local impact and global resonance.
Abstract
Drawing on insights from over 600 national plans and reports and shaped by extensive stakeholder interviews and real-world case studies, this quick guide series provides governments, planning authorities, and development partners with practical strategies to scale sustainable urban and peri-urban forestry through national policies and global agreements.
Introduction to sustainable urban and peri-urban forestry
Sustainable urban and peri-urban forestry (sustainable urban and peri-urban forestry) is a highly effective, nature-based solution (NbS) that supports a wide range of public policy goals and objectives of the Rio Conventions.
Acknowledgements
This publication was jointly drafted by the author and the UNECE Forest and Bioeconomy Section, drawing on information from stakeholder interviews, as well as available literature and data.
Scaling Urban Forestry With National Policy Using Urban Forestry as a Delivery Mechanism for the Rio Conventions
This publication offers a strategic guide for integrating sustainable urban and peri-urban forestry into national policies and international environmental frameworks. It provides actionable recommendations, guidance, and tools to help governments mainstream urban forestry across sectors and levels of government. Drawing on global case studies and the San Marino Regional Urban Forestry Action Plan, it highlights how urban forestry contributes to climate resilience, biodiversity, land restoration and the SDGs. The publication also outlines practical mechanisms for embedding urban forestry into national plans and reports under the Rio Conventions, enhancing coherence, visibility, and access to finance. By aligning urban forestry with global goals, it supports greener, healthier, and more resilient cities while advancing national and international commitments.
Forests and wood – the great green engine
In early human history, wood harvested from forests was a vital source of energy, tools, utensils, furniture, shelter and construction materials.
How natural are the UNECE forests?
Depending on its origin and development, FAO distinguishes two main types of forest: naturally regenerating forests, including primary forests, and planted forests, including plantations.
How much of the world is forested?
Forests are dynamic ecosystems, shaped by natural and human influences which constantly change.
2025 Forest Profile for Europe, North America, Caucasus and Central Asia
This comprehensive study explores the multifaceted role of forests within the environment, economy, and society, with a specific focus on the ECE region. It begins by defining and presenting the global distribution of forests, followed by a detailed examination of their diverse biomes and typical forest types within the ECE region. The document tracks forest development, including area and growing stock dynamics, and highlights key tree species. It then delves into critical aspects such as the health and vitality of forests, their management practices (including ownership and functions), and their vital protective functions for both humans and the planet. Further sections are dedicated to the immense biodiversity found in ECE forests, their crucial role as carbon reservoirs in climate regulation, and their significant economic contributions through timber and non-wood forest products. Finally, the overview addresses the profound social dimensions of forests, recognizing their value for recreation and cultural heritage.
What are the different trees in the UNECE forests?
Trees are vital parts of our planet’s ecosystems.
Forests and carbon – a global reservoir
Forests account for 92% of all terrestrial biomass and are a significant natural storage place for carbon.
Forests - social and economic benefits
Forests are more than the sum of their wood, non-wood products and environmental services.