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Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions
United Nations System Common Position on Incarceration
The present paper sets forth the United Nations system common position on incarceration. It addresses prison and associated challenges at the global regional and national levels and constitutes the common framework for United Nations support to Member States in relation to incarceration. The paper reflects a “One UN” approach aimed at supporting efforts to rethink the current overreliance on and implementation of incarceration including through better coordination and integrated efforts. The United Nations system common position on incarceration is based on the understanding that no one should be subjected to arbitrary arrest or detention and that the deprivation of liberty in response to a criminal charge or offence should constitute a measure of last resort with due consideration first being paid to non-custodial sanctions or measures. It also acknowledges that as part of individualized balanced and proportionate criminal justice responses to offending well managed prisons constitute an important aspect of the justice chain. Prison services that respect human dignity and operate in line with international norms and standards constitute a core element of efforts to maintain peace and security public safety and respect for human rights.
伯克利数字开源调查协议
The Berkeley Protocol on Digital Open Source Investigations: A Practical Guide on the Effective Use of Digital Open Source Information in International Human Rights Humanitarian Law and Criminal Investigations. The Berkeley Protocol on Digital Open Source Investigations identifies international standards for conducting online research of alleged violations of international criminal human rights and humanitarian law. It provides guidance on methodologies and procedures for gathering analyzing and preserving digital information in a professional legal and ethical manner. The Protocol sets out measures that online investigators can and should take to protect the digital physical and psychosocial safety of themselves and others including witnesses victims and first responders (such as citizens activists and journalists) who risk their own wellbeing to document war crimes and human rights violations so that those who are responsible are brought to justice.
前言
自1990 年代初以来,数字工具和互联网,如 同之前的照相机和电话一样,彻底改变了我 们获取、收集和传播有关侵犯人权和其他严 重违反国际法行为的信息,包括国际犯罪的 信息。
执行摘要
开源调查是指全部或部分依靠可公开获得的 信息,对涉嫌的不法行为进行正式和系统的 在线调查。今天,大量可公开获取的信息可 以通过互联网获取,快速演变的数据场景带 来了新的信息类型和来源,有助于调查涉嫌 侵犯人权和严重国际罪行。调查此类指控的 能力对于无法及时进入犯罪现场的调查人 员特别有价值, 这种情况在国际调查中很 常见。
بروتوكول بيركلي بشأن التحقيقات الرقمية مفتوحة المصدر
The Berkeley Protocol on Digital Open Source Investigations: A Practical Guide on the Effective Use of Digital Open Source Information in International Human Rights Humanitarian Law and Criminal Investigations. The Berkeley Protocol on Digital Open Source Investigations identifies international standards for conducting online research of alleged violations of international criminal human rights and humanitarian law. It provides guidance on methodologies and procedures for gathering analyzing and preserving digital information in a professional legal and ethical manner. The Protocol sets out measures that online investigators can and should take to protect the digital physical and psychosocial safety of themselves and others including witnesses victims and first responders (such as citizens activists and journalists) who risk their own wellbeing to document war crimes and human rights violations so that those who are responsible are brought to justice.