Introduction

With intra-state conflict replacing inter-state conflict across the globe (Orchard, 2010: 38), “civilian-based civil wars” (Ferris, 2011) are exposing vulnerable populations to war crimes, ethnic cleansing and acts of genocide. The UN Secretary-General has highlighted the growing threats to women and children caught up in armed conflicts, as well as dangers faced by civilians forced to mix with combatants and armed elements in camps for refugees and the internally displaced. The vulnerability of civilians in conflict has been exacerbated by some governments’ reluctance to accept international assistance and the increasing number of attacks on humanitarian workers and UN staff (UNSG, 1999).

Related Subject(s): Human Rights and Refugees