Books
From Non-tariff Measures Data to Impact: Guidelines for the Analytical Pathway from Non-tariff Measures Inventory to Trade Impact Assessment
Non-tariff measures (NTMs) play a crucial role in shaping international trade. While tariffs remain important instruments of trade policy, NTMs increasingly play a prominent role in determining market access and trade costs. According to UNCTAD, NTMs tend to have a significantly greater impact on trade costs than tariffs. Thus, NTMs may - even unintentionally - act as barriers to trade. Moreover, they often serve legitimate public policy objectives, such as protecting health, safety and the environment. Unlike tariffs, which are relatively straightforward to quantify—typically expressed as a percentage of the product’s value or in monetary terms—NTMs are inherently more complex. They encompass a wide range of regulatory measures, including product requirements, health and safety regulations, and import quotas, whose trade effects are not easily measurable. Their administration is often fragmented across multiple government agencies, further complicating transparency and analysis. Tariffs are more transparent, as countries generally publish and communicate their tariff schedules to the public and World Trade Organization. As NTMs continue to grow in importance, understanding their nature, incidence, scope, implementation, and impact on trade is essential for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders engaged in global trade. This guideline presents possible analytical approaches used to support policymakers in understanding and designing regulations that minimize costs to trading businesses while maintaining important public policy objectives. This document focuses on methodologies that can be used to assess the impact of NTMs on trade and development.
Global Multidimensional Poverty Index 2025
Overlapping Hardships: Poverty and Climate Hazards
This 2025 Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) report, for the first time, overlays data on climate hazards and multidimensional poverty to assess how exposed poor people are to environmental shocks. The report highlights that most people in poverty are exposed to at least one climate hazard; many confront several at the same time. By the end of this century, the countries projected to face the steepest temperature increases are those already burdened with higher levels of multidimensional poverty. This year’s update of the global MPI database includes new data from 13 countries. It presents MPI data from 109 countries, along with subnational estimates covering 1,359 regions across 101 countries. The results show that 1.1 billion of 6.3 billion people live in acute multidimensional poverty, over half of them children. Common deprivations include a lack of clean cooking fuel, housing, sanitation, nutrition, and electricity. The intertwining of climate and poverty risks is likely to intensify in the future, and the report makes a compelling case for addressing a double burden that may only worsen.
Government Electronic and Mobile Services Maturity Index (GEMS 2024)
The Government Electronic and Mobile Services (GEMS) Maturity Index aims to measure the maturity of government services delivered through web portals and mobile applications in Arab countries. It is a tool that enables decision makers and policymakers to monitor the progress of digital transformation programmes, with the aim to highlight certain dimensions not reflected in many international indicators, particularly service development, usage, user satisfaction and government efforts for public outreach. To this end, 100 government services have been identified for countries to deliver electronically to individuals and businesses. These services have been selected based on a life-cycle principle, ensuring they address the needs of individuals throughout various stages of their lives, and the needs of businesses from establishment to closure. The services are updated annually to reflect these evolving needs. This report presents the results of the GEMS maturity index for 2024 at both the regional and national levels. It also proposes recommendations that can be adopted to strengthen the digital transformation of government services nationally and ensure their availability through digital channels.
Alertas Tempranas para Todos en el foco de atención: monitoreo y predicción de los peligros
En la iniciativa Alertas Tempranas para Todos, presentada por el Secretario General de las Naciones Unidas en el 27.º período de sesiones de la Conferencia de las Partes (CP 27) en la Convención Marco sobre el Cambio Climático (CMNUCC) en 2022, se fijó un objetivo claro y ambicioso: que todos los habitantes de la Tierra estén protegidos por sistemas de alerta temprana de peligros múltiples que salvan vidas de aquí a 2027. La iniciativa, basada en el liderazgo nacional y en las prioridades de cada país, reúne a los gobiernos, la sociedad civil, el sector privado y los asociados para el desarrollo. Dentro del sistema de las Naciones Unidas, está codirigido por la OMM, la Oficina de las Naciones Unidas para la Reducción del Riesgo de Desastres (UNDRR), la Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones (UIT) y la Federación Internacional de Sociedades de la Cruz Roja y de la Media Luna Roja, lo que garantiza un apoyo internacional coordinado en torno a un único imperativo: reducir el impacto de los fenómenos meteorológicos peligrosos y los desastres mediante la alerta temprana y la acción temprana con fundamento científico.
Transboundary Cooperation in the Arab Region
Third Regional Report on SDG Indicator 6.5.2
Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) indicator 6.5.2 enables the monitoring of operational arrangements for transboundary water cooperation. The third regional report for SDG indicator 6.5.2 assesses the status and progress of transboundary water cooperation in the Arab region. Participation in the reporting process has improved significantly, with 17 out of 21 Arab countries sharing transboundary basins submitting data to the third monitoring exercise in 2023, compared to just 10 countries in 2017. In total, 90 per cent of the region’s countries have engaged in at least one round of reporting, demonstrating growing awareness and commitment to transboundary water cooperation. The report highlights significant discrepancies in how countries report transboundary basins, including inconsistencies provided data. Moreover, it tackles institutional and legal gaps under a changing climate, in addition to emphasizing the ongoing data availability and financial problems. To accelerate progress, the report recommends integrating climate adaptation into transboundary frameworks, harmonizing data reporting protocols, leveraging regional institutions for dialogue, and aligning SDG reporting efforts. Strengthening technical capacities, enhancing data systems, and promoting inclusive stakeholder participation are essential to achieving effective transboundary water cooperation. Despite some advancements, substantial efforts are needed to bridge existing gaps and meet SDG targets within the limited timeframe.
Manual of Tests and Criteria - Eighth Revised Edition, Amendment 1
The “Manual of Tests and Criteria” contains criteria, test methods and procedures to be used for the classification of dangerous goods according to the provisions of the “United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model Regulations”, as well as of chemicals presenting physical hazards according to the “Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)”. It therefore also supplements national or international regulations which are derived from the Model Regulations or the GHS. Originally developed by the Economic and Social Council’s Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, which adopted a first version in 1984, the Manual of Tests and Criteria has been regularly updated and amended. Currently, the updating is done under the auspices of the Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods and on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals, which replaced the original committee in 2001. At its twelfth session (6 December 2024) , the Committee adopted a set of amendments to the eighth revised edition of the Manual, which were circulated as document ST/SG/AC.10/52/Add.2 and are listed in this publication. They address mainly: - Changes to sections 11, 12, 18 and 25 and a new appendix 12 addressing Koenen tube test specifications and test procedures; - Changes to section 31 for alignment of the definitions of flammable components and heat of combustion with the criteria in special provision 63 in the Model Regulations; - Changes to subsection 38.3 addressing lithium batteries and the definition of rupture; - The review of sub-section 51.4 for further improvement of the burning rate test criteria and method of assessing results; and - A new section 42 containing a test method to prove the fire resistance of fibre reinforced plastics service equipment for portable tanks.
The Socioeconomic Impacts of the 2024 War on Lebanon
A war on Lebanon began on 8 October 2023. This report presents a comprehensive analysis of its immediate impact and far-reaching consequences. It provides a solid analysis to inform the country’s immediate recovery plan and guide longer-term reform efforts to address the structural challenges facing Lebanon. To this end, the report explores the impact of the war on various sectors, from the physical damage incurred to infrastructure and economic systems to the profound human and social costs. It also assesses the broader macroeconomic effects of the conflict, highlighting how existing challenges have been exacerbated, resulting in deepened vulnerabilities across multiple dimensions of society and the economy. The report provides short-, medium- and long-term policy recommendations to serve as foundations for recovery efforts.
Global Progress Report on Sustainable Development Goal 16: Indicators on Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies
This report, the third dedicated to Goal 16 progress, brings together contributions from all UN custodian agencies in a single, comprehensive document. It presents the best regional and global data available across all SDG16 targets that the UN system can offer. The data, statistics and accompanying analysis spotlight trends that have and will continue to shape our world, policy pathways and underscore the urgent need for action to reverse negative trends and to foster a more just and sustainable future. The report was joint produced by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), and the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR).
Global Progress Report on Sustainable Development Goal 16 Indicators: A Wake-up Call for Action on Peace, Justice and Inclusion
This report presents the latest analysis of data available on SDG 16 indicators. The data reflects that human rights commitments are not being met, violence is increasing, inequality continues to hinder inclusive decision making and corruption erodes the social contract. The report is the first of its kind jointly produced by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), and the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) using data from several UN agencies responsible for the indicators and the SDG Global Database. The findings on the report urges for action to reverse the current trend and accelerate the implementation of inclusive strategies and actions towards achieving peaceful, just and inclusive institutions.
В центре внимания инициатива «Заблаговременные предупреждения для всех»: мониторинг и прогнозирование опасных явлений
Инициатива «Заблаговременные предупреждения для всех» (ЗПДВ), выдвинутая Генеральным секретарем Организации Объединенных Наций на 27-й Конференции Сторон (КС 27) Рамочной конвенции Организации Объединенных Наций об изменении климата (РКИК ООН) в 2022 году, поставила ясно обозначенную и амбициозную цель: к 2027 году каждый человек на Земле должен быть защищен спасительными системами заблаговременных предупреждений о многих опасных явлениях. Опираясь на национальное руководство и приоритеты, определяемые самими странами, инициатива объединяет правительства, гражданское общество, частный сектор и партнеров по развитию. В рамках системы Организации Объединенных Наций она реализуется под совместным руководством ВМО, Управления ООН по снижению риска бедствий (УСРБ ООН), Международного союза электросвязи (МСЭ) и Международной федерации обществ Красного Креста и Красного Полумесяца (МФКК), которые обеспечивают скоординированную международную поддержку в реализации единой настоятельной потребности снизить воздействие опасных погодных явлений и бедствий путем научно обоснованных заблаговременных предупреждений и заблаговременных действий.
Early Warnings for All in Focus: Hazard Monitoring and Forecasting
Launched by the United Nations Secretary-General at the 27th Conference of the Parties (COP27) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2022, the Early Warnings for All (EW4All) initiative set a clear and ambitious goal: that every person on Earth be protected by life-saving, multi-hazard early warning systems by 2027. Grounded in national leadership and country driven priorities, the initiative unites governments, civil society, the private sector and development partners. Within the United Nations system, it is co-led by WMO, the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR), the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), ensuring coordinated international support behind a single imperative: to reduce the impact of hazardous weather and disasters through science-based early warning and early action.
Manuel d’épreuves et de critères - Huitième édition révisée, Amendement 1
Le « Manuel d’épreuves et de critères » contient des critères, des méthodes d’épreuve et des procédures qu’il convient d’appliquer pour classer les marchandises dangereuses conformément aux dispositions des « Recommandations des Nations Unies relatives au transport des marchandises dangereuses, Règlement type », ainsi que les produits chimiques qui présentent des dangers physiques selon le « Système général harmonisé de classification et d’étiquetage des produits chimiques, SGH ». Il complète donc également les règlements nationaux et internationaux qui ont été établis sur la base du Règlement type ou du SGH. Élaboré à l’origine par le Comité d’experts du transport de marchandises dangereuses du Conseil économique et social, qui a adopté la première version en 1984, le Manuel d’épreuves et de critères a été régulièrement mis à jour et modifié. Actuellement, sa mise à jour est effectuée sous l’égide du Comité d’experts du transport des marchandises dangereuses et du système général harmonisé de classification et d’étiquetage des produits chimiques, qui remplace le comité d’origine depuis 2001. À sa douzième session (6 décembre 2024), le Comité a adopté une série d’amendements à la huitième édition révisée du Manuel, qui ont été circulés sous la cote ST/SG/AC.10/52/Add.2 et repris dans cette publication. Ces amendements concernent principalement : - des modifications aux sections 11, 12, 18 et 25 et un nouvel appendice 12 concernant les spécifications et procédures d’épreuve de qualification des douilles utilisées pour les épreuves de Koenen ; - des modifications à la section 31 visant à aligner les définitions de composants inflamables et de chaleur de combustion avec la disposition spéciale 63 du Règlement type ; - des modifications à la sous-section 38.3 concernant les piles et batteries au lithium et la définition de rupture ; - La révision de la sous-section 51.4 visant à améliorer davantage les critères d’épreuve de vitesse de combustion et la méthode d’évaluation des résultats ; et - Une nouvelle section 42, décrivant l’épreuve de résistance au feu applicable aux équipements de service en matière plastique renforcée de fibres pour citernes mobiles.
Legal Identity, Gender and Migration: Understanding Barriers to Access
Access to legal identity is essential for inclusion, rights and protection. Yet, millions of people, especially women and girls, face persistent barriers. Legal Identity, Gender and Migration: Understanding Barriers to Access, explores these challenges in global and local contexts. The report highlights how gaps in legislation, institutional obstacles, digital divides and entrenched social norms can exclude women and girls. Based on desk research and case studies from three countries, Tunisia, Morocco and Nigeria, the report reveals how legal, cultural and economic factors hinder access to civil registration and identity documents. The study emphasizes the necessity of gender-responsive reforms, targeted awareness campaigns and inclusive digitalization efforts.
Cap sur l’Initiative «Alertes précoces pour tous»: Surveillance et prévision des dangers
Lancée par le Secrétaire général de l’Organisation des Nations Unies en 2022, à l’occasion de la vingt-septième Conférence des Parties (COP 27) à la Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques, l’Initiative «Alertes précoces pour tous» (EW4All) fixe un but clair et ambitieux: faire en sorte que d’ici à 2027 tous les habitants de la planète soient protégés par des systèmes d’alerte précoce multidangers capables de sauver des vies. Conduite par les pays et ancrée dans les priorités nationales, l’Initiative unit les pouvoirs publics, la société civile, le secteur privé et les partenaires de développement. Au sein du système des Nations Unies, elle est codirigée par l’OMM, le Bureau des Nations Unies pour la réduction des risques de catastrophe (UNDRR), l’Union internationale des télécommunications (UIT) et la Fédération internationale des sociétés de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant rouge (IFRC), de manière à coordonner l’appui international accordé à un même impératif: réduire l’incidence des conditions météorologiques dangereuses et des catastrophes grâce à une alerte précoce fondée sur la science et à une intervention rapide.
Treaty Series 3193
In accordance with Article 102 of the Charter and the relevant General Assembly Resolutions, every treaty and international agreement registered or filed and recorded with the Secretariat since 1945 is published in the United Nations Treaty Series. At present, the collection includes about 30,000 treaties reproduced in their authentic languages, together with translations into English and French, as necessary.
Technology Foresight and Technology Assessment for Sustainable Development
This report examines the roles of Technology Assessment (TA) and Technology Foresight (TF) in supporting policymaking for sustainable development. It highlights how TA and TF contribute respectively to immediate political decisions and longer-term strategic policies. Although distinct, TA and TF often overlap and complement each other within organizational practices. The report argues that countries should leverage both to anticipate technological impacts systematically, enabling proactive policy actions. An integrated approach fosters inclusive dialogue, improves stakeholder understanding of science, technology, and innovation (STI) choices, and embeds evidence-based practices into decision-making. In transformative innovation policies, TA and TF offer critical analytical capabilities to address grand challenges, extend policy options, and propose forward-looking solutions. The report’s insights extend beyond traditional STI domains, emphasizing applicability to sectors like energy and infrastructure.
Fast-tracking Implementation of Reforms Enabling E-commerce and Digital Trade
In an era where digital transformation is fast reshaping the global economy, having the ability to harness the potential of e-commerce and digital trade is essential for developing countries. This fourth edition of the eTrade Implementation Review series provides a timely and comprehensive analysis of how partner countries and regions are translating digital ambitions into concrete action. Covering 23 countries and 3 regional organizations, the review reflects a rich mosaic of experiences, capturing both progress made and remaining challenges. The review underscores the value of UNCTAD’s eTrade Implementation Support Mechanism in supporting countries to move beyond diagnostics and into implementation, while fostering national ownership, inclusive dialogue, and regional cooperation. It draws valuable lessons from various contexts and offers a practical resource for policymakers, development partners, and stakeholders committed to inclusive digital growth.
Treaty Series 3170
In accordance with Article 102 of the Charter and the relevant General Assembly Resolutions, every treaty and international agreement registered or filed and recorded with the Secretariat since 1945 is published in the United Nations Treaty Series. At present, the collection includes about 30,000 treaties reproduced in their authentic languages, together with translations into English and French, as necessary.
聚焦全民预警：危害监测与预报
“全民预警”倡议由联合国秘书长在2022年《联合国 气候变化框架公约》（UNFCCC）第二十七次缔约 方大会（COP27）上发起，设定了一个明确且宏大 的目标：到2027年，让地球上每个人都受到能拯救 生命的多灾种预警系统的保护。 该倡议以国家主导和国家自主确定的优先事项为 基础，联合了各国政府、民间社会、私营部门及 发展伙伴。在联合国系统内，该倡议由WMO、联 合国减少灾害风险办公室（UNDRR）、国际电信 联盟（ITU）和红十字会与红新月会国际联合会 （IFRC）共同牵头，确保协调一致的国际支持围绕 一个核心要务展开：通过基于科学的预警和及早行 动，减轻危害性天气和灾害的影响。
Manual de Pruebas y Criterios - Octava edición revisada, Enmienda 1
El “Manual de Pruebas y Criterios” contiene criterios y descripciones de métodos y procedimientos de prueba para la clasificación de mercancías peligrosas de acuerdo con las disposiciones de las “Recomendaciones relativas al transporte de mercancías peligrosas, Reglamentación Modelo”, así como de los productos químicos que presentan peligros físicos de acuerdo con el “Sistema Globalmente Armonizado de clasificación y etiquetado de productos químicos (SGA)”. El Manual complementa, por tanto, los reglamentos nacionales e internacionales desarrollados a partir de la Reglamentación Modelo o del SGA. La primera edición del Manual, elaborada inicialmente por el Comité de Expertos en transporte de Mercancías peligrosas del Consejo Económico y Social de las Naciones Unidas, se publicó en 1984, y desde entonces se revisa y actualiza periódicamente. Hoy por hoy, la actualización se realiza bajo los auspicios del Comité de expertos en transporte de mercancías peligrosas y en el Sistema Globalmente Armonizado de clasificación y etiquetado de productos químicos, que sustituye al comité original desde el año 2001. En su duodécimo periodo de sesiones (6 de diciembre de 2024), el Comité adoptó una serie de enmiendas a la octava edición revisada del Manual, que se publicaron con el símbolo ST/SG/AC.10/52/Add.2 y que se enumeran en la presente publicación. Dichas enmiendas incluyen: - Cambios en las secciones 11, 12, 18 y 25 y un nuevo apéndice 12 que describe las especificaciones y procedimientos de prueba de cualificación de los tubos de Koenen; - Cambios en la sección 31 para alinear las definiciones de componentes inflamables y de calor de combustión con los criterios de la disposición especial 63 de la Reglamentación Modelo; - Cambios en la subsección 38.3 relativos a las disposiciones aplicables a las pilas y baterías de litio y a la definición de rotura; - La revisión de la subsección 51.4 con mejoras adicionales aplicables a los criterios de ensayo de la velocidad de combustión y al método de evaluación de los resultados; y - Una nueva sección 42 que contiene un método de ensayo de resistencia al fuego aplicable a los equipos de servicio para cisternas portátiles fabricados con plástico reforzado con fibras.
Presentación de informes en virtud de la Convención Internacional para la Protección de Todas las Personas contra las Desapariciones Forzadas
Guía de formación (Parte I – Manual)
Esta Guía de formación busca ayudar a los Estados partes a cumplir con sus obligaciones de respetar, proteger y hacer efectivos los derechos consagrados en la Convención para la Protección de Todas las Personas contra las Desapariciones Forzadas. El Manual, que constituye la primera parte de la Guía de formación, describe las disposiciones de la Convención y ofrece orientación útil sobre el contenido y el alcance del reglamento y los métodos de trabajo del Comité contra las Desapariciones Forzadas, así como sobre las obligaciones de presentación de informes en virtud de la Convención. La publicación se basa en la vasta experiencia adquirida por el Comité a lo largo de los años. Destaca ejemplos prácticos sobre la presentación de información y datos en virtud de la Convención y la aplicación eficaz de las recomendaciones del Comité. Estos ejemplos serán de utilidad para los Estados partes y, en particular, para quienes participan en la impartición de cursos de formación sobre la presentación de informes al Comité y sobre la aplicación de la Convención. Al promover una mayor comprensión de las disposiciones de la Convención, la Guía de formación tiene por objeto proporcionar orientación y apoyo a los Estados que presentan informes en lo que respecta al contenido de los informes y la aplicación de las recomendaciones. El Manual se complementará con materiales de formación (Parte II), adaptados a cada uno de los derechos de la Convención, que se publicarán en el sitio web del ACNUDH.
مبادرة الإنذار المبكر للجمیع في بؤرة الاهتمام: مراقبة الأخطار والتنبؤ بھا
حددت مبادرة الإنذار المبكر للجمیع، التي أطلقھا الأمین العام للأمم المتحدة في الاجتماع السابع والعشرين لمؤتمر الأطراف في اتفاقیة الأمم المتحدة الإطارية بشأن تغیر المناخ : بحلول عام ،2027 ً ً وطموحا في عام ،2022 ھدفا واضحا ينبغي حماية كل شخص على وجھ الأرض بواسطة نظم الإنذار المبكر بالأخطار المتعددة المنقذة للحیاة. والمبادرة، إذ تستند إلى القیادة الوطنیة والأولويات القطرية، توحد الحكومات والمجتمع المدني والقطاع الخاص وشركاء التنمیة. ويشارك في قیادتھا داخل منظومة الأمم المتحدة كل من المنظمة العالمیة للأرصاد الجوية، ومكتب الأمم المتحدة للحد من مخاطر الكوارث (UNDRR(، والاتحاد الدولي لالتصالات (ITU(، والاتحاد الدولي لجمعیات الصلیب الأحمر والھالل الأحمر (IFRC(؛ مما يضمن الدعم الدولي المنسق وراء ضرورة واحدة: الحد من أثر ظواھر الطقس والكوارث الخطرة من خالل الإنذار المبكر والعمل المبكر القائمین على العلم.
World Poverty Through a Broader Lens
Rethinking Measurement and Policy Approaches
Income-based poverty measures have failed to capture the full extent of global deprivation. New metrics show poverty is more widespread than previously believed. While income poverty declined from 1995 to 2024, over half the worldʼs population remains poor or vulnerable, with nearly 300 million living in destitution on less than US$1.50 a day. Progress has been uneven; East Asia and the Pacific major gains, while poverty rose in the Arab region. Accelerating reduction requires aligned efforts, inclusive income-boosting policies, stronger international cooperation and support for the poorest countries. To measure poverty, a multidimensional approach, backed by robust data, is essential.
African Statistical Yearbook 2021
The Yearbook series is a result of joint efforts by major African regional organizations to set up a joint data collection mechanism of socioeconomic data on African countries as well as the development of a common harmonized database. This Yearbook is meant to break with the practices of the past where each regional/subregional organization was publishing statistical data on African countries of the continent in an inefficient way, leading to duplication of efforts, inefficient use of scarce resources, increased burden on countries and sending different signals to users involved in tracking development efforts on the continent.
Statistical Indicators of Inclusive and Sustainable Industrialization 2025
SDG 9 Progress Report
The report on Statistical Indicators of Inclusive and Sustainable Industrialization provides an analysis of global progress towards inclusive and sustainable industrial development in the frame of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The report is primarily based on the six SDG 9 indicators related to industrialization, for which UNIDO is designated as a custodian agency, showing the patterns of the recent changes in different country groups.
Derechos humanos folleto informativo No. 39
Derecho a la seguridad social
Esta serie es una publicación de la Oficina del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos. En ella se tratan cuestiones de derechos humanos que están en curso de examen o que revisten especial interés. La finalidad de los Folletos informativos es que cada vez más personas conozcan los derechos humanos fundamentales, la labor que realizan las Naciones Unidas para promoverlos y protegerlos y los mecanismos internacionales con que se cuenta para ayudar a hacerlos efectivos.
Climate Chains: Mapping the Relationship between Climate, Trafficking in Persons and Building Resilience
This report explores the complex links between climate change, livelihood, vulnerability, migration and human trafficking. Commissioned by IOM under the Climate Resilience Against Trafficking and Exploitation (CREATE) project, the study focuses on Ethiopia and the Philippines, two countries facing distinct climate challenges: slow-onset droughts and sudden-onset typhoons, respectively. The research used a mixed-methods approach that included household surveys, interviews and focus group discussions. This research puts forward a conceptual model that links climate events and trafficking through a series of intertwined steps. It identifies a causal chain where climate events disrupt livelihood, increase vulnerability and heighten migration intentions, which can lead to exploitation and trafficking. The research explores how factors linking climate and trafficking operate in both the Philippines and Ethiopia in similar ways but are experienced differently based on the local contexts. This study provides critical insights and recommendations for policymakers, donors and organizations working to address human trafficking and exploitation and build resilience in the face of climate change.
Global Progress Report on Sustainable Development Goal 16 Indicators: At the Crossroads - Breakdown or Breakthrough for Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions
The 2nd Global Progress Report on SDG16 Indicators represents a unique and pivotal UN inter-agency effort toward supporting the realization of the 2030 Agenda. This report reveals critical trends that, if not reversed, could jeopardize the achievement of all goals set by the international community, leaving an increasing number of people behind. Released in 2023, the first joint Global Progress Report on SDG 16 served as a wake-up call for action on strengthened efforts towards justice, peace, and strong institutions. The report portrayed a sobering picture, revealing that progress toward the 2030 Agenda was alarmingly off track, with advancements on goal 16 worryingly slow. In some instances, even moving in the wrong direction. The report, however, acknowledged some significant strides towards supporting countries in addressing data gaps through partnership, technical assistance and production of evidence. This report, the second dedicated to Goal 16, compiles contributions from all indicators in a single document providing the best regional and global data that the UN system can offer across all targets. The data, statistics and accompanying analysis spotlight trends that have and will continue to shape our world, policy options and underscore the urgent need for action to reverse negative trends and to foster a more just and sustainable future. The report was joint produced by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), and the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR).
الموجز السنوي لإصلاح نُُظُُم الحماية الاجتماعية في المنطقة العربية لعام 2024
The 3rd edition of the Annual Digest of the Social Protection Reforms in the Arab Region documents 135 policy reforms through various means and sources, including automatic news monitoring and direct inputs from policymakers of ESCWA member States. These reforms indicate significant efforts by Governments to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of national social protection systems. The relative decrease in the number of observed reforms compared to previous years does not imply that Governments’ commitment to social protection has diminished. On the contrary, it signals a transition from temporary, shock-responsive measures to generally more long-term, systemic overhauls of systems and/or adaptation of programmes aimed at providing sustainable protection against life-cycle risks. The changing social protection landscape in the Arab region reflects an increasing commitment among many Arab countries to invest in the welfare of their citizens. Governments are continuously adapting their social protection policies and programmes to evolving societal needs and economic conditions.
План действий по устойчивому транспорту для Азербайджана
Повышение устойчивой городской
This report is part of Sustainable Mobility and Smart Connectivity initiative, aimed at supporting selected countries in Central Asia, Caucasus and the Western Balkans in transitioning towards sustainable transport and better connectivity. It outlines national action plans designed to build the capacity of national stakeholders to implement sustainable mobility and smart connectivity policies. In collaboration with the Ministries, national stakeholders, and a national consultant, UNECE conducted an in-dept analysis to assess the current state of mobility sustainability and connectivity. The analysis identified key areas for improvement and, in agreement with national authorities, established priority areas for action. Based on these findings, the report proposes tailored actions plans and recommendations for Azerbaijan to follow in order to improve sustainable urban mobility.
مسح التطورات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في المنطقة العربية 2023–2024
تتناول نسخة 2023-2024 من مسح التطورات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في المنطقة العربية الأوضاع الاقتصادية على الصعيدين الإقليمي والعالمي. وتأثرت مجريات الأمور بشدة بالحرب الدائرة في أوكرانيا، علاوة على استمرار عدم اليقين في المنطقة العربية بسبب الحروب على غزة ولبنان. والتوقعات للاقتصاد الكلي العالمي لعام 2025 إيجابية إلى حد ما، حيث من المتوقع أن يستمر التعافي بعد جائحة كوفيد-19، لا سيما في آسيا. ويحيط غموض شديد بالآفاق المستقبلية للمنطقة العربية، حيث تطغى على المشهد تحديات جسام، تشمل الحروب والصراعات وعدم الاستقرار السياسي والتحديات الاجتماعية والاقتصادية والكوارث الطبيعية. ومن المتوقع أن تشهد السنوات المقبلة تراجعاً بطيئاً في مستويات الفقر في المنطقة العربية عن مستوياتها المرتفعة إبان الجائحة. ولم تذلل العقبات بعد أمام تحقيق المساواة بين الجنسين في المنطقة العربية. في عام 2024، كانت الفجوة بين الجنسين في المنطقة العربية هي الأوسع في العالم، وتتفاوت كثيراً معدلات مشاركة الرجال ومشاركة النساء في القوى العاملة.
Treaty Series 3192
In accordance with Article 102 of the Charter and the relevant General Assembly Resolutions, every treaty and international agreement registered or filed and recorded with the Secretariat since 1945 is published in the United Nations Treaty Series. At present, the collection includes about 30,000 treaties reproduced in their authentic languages, together with translations into English and French, as necessary.
Space4Women Landmark Study on Gender Equality in the Global Space Sector
Phase 2: Experiences of Women in the Global Space Sector and Gender Representation and Policy Uptake in the Private Space Sector
Gender equality has a transformative impact on everything from individuals to institutions and innovations in the space sector. Despite this, the space sector has many data gaps when it comes to gender equality, hampering our ability to know what to do, and how to do it, and impacting individuals’ experiences in the sector. Gender inequality in the sector has broader implications for talent retention, recruitment, and the sustainable uses of outer space. This study builds on the Phase 1 Landmark Study on Gender Equality in the Global Space Sector and the UNOOSA Space4Women Expert Meetings in the Republic of Korea, Canada, and Kenya. This report comprises two parts, launching the UNOOSA Phase 2 research into gender equality in the space sector. The first part of this report focuses on women’s experiences in the sector, while the second part provides information on gender representation in private space organizations and examines policies or interventions that advance gender equality. The purpose of both is to drive transparency, action, and progress towards equality and inclusion in humanity’s ambitions in space. Not only is this critical to the Space2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals but it is also a moral and strategic necessity.
Climate Chains: Mapping the Relationship between Climate, Trafficking in Persons and Building Resilience in Ethiopia
This report, Climate Chains: Mapping the Relationship between Climate, Trafficking in Persons and Building Resilience in Ethiopia, explores the complex links between climate change, livelihood, vulnerability, migration and human trafficking in Ethiopia. Commissioned by IOM under the Climate Resilience Against Trafficking and Exploitation (CREATE) project, this study forms part of a broader research focusing on Ethiopia and the Philippines – two countries facing distinct climate challenges: slow-onset droughts and sudden-onset typhoons, respectively. The research used a mixed-methods approach including household surveys, interviews and focus group discussions. The report puts forward a conceptual model that links climate events and trafficking through a series of intertwined steps. It identifies a causal chain where climate events disrupt livelihood, increase vulnerability and heighten migration intentions, which can lead to exploitation and trafficking. The research explores how factors linking climate and trafficking operate in Ethiopia. This study provides critical insights and recommendations for policymakers, donors and organizations in Ethiopia and internationally that are working to combat human trafficking and exploitation, while strengthening resilience to climate change.
Les enfants en Haïti face à une polycrise: L’effet combiné de la violence, de la malnutrition, de pertes d’apprentissage et de l’effondrement des services essentiels
UNICEF sos enfants
Haïti est confronté à une crise humanitaire dévastatrice, qui évolue rapidement. Les enfants en paient le prix fort, alors que la violence ne cesse de s’intensifier, que les déplacements internes se multiplient et que les familles sont privées de services élémentaires, notamment de nourriture, de soins, d’éducation et de protection. Si aucune mesure ferme n’est prise, l’avenir de toute une génération est en péril.
Gendered Assessment of Socioeconomic Impacts of Migration on Families Staying Behind in the Gambia
This report presents findings from a nationwide study assessing the gendered socioeconomic impacts of migration on families staying behind in the Gambia. It showcases how migration reshapes household dynamics, placing heightened economic and caregiving responsibilities on women, unsettling children’s education and emotional well-being, and shifting traditional gender roles. Women often face limited decision-making power, social isolation and heightened vulnerability to gender-based violence. The study shows that while remittances offer financial relief, they are not a uniform solution, and many families struggle with employment, housing and access to health care. Through varied research methods, the report underscores the need for gender-responsive policies, community-based support systems and targeted interventions – such as vocational training, financial literacy, psychosocial support and legal aid – to empower women and youth, reduce irregular migration and promote inclusive development. The findings call for urgent action to strengthen resilience and equity among families affected by migration.
Treaty Series 3211
In accordance with Article 102 of the Charter and the relevant General Assembly Resolutions, every treaty and international agreement registered or filed and recorded with the Secretariat since 1945 is published in the United Nations Treaty Series. At present, the collection includes about 30,000 treaties reproduced in their authentic languages, together with translations into English and French, as necessary.
Advancing Together: Eight Decades of Progress Towards Sustainable Development for All
As the United Nations marks its 80th anniversary in 2025, this report by the Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA) traces the evolution of sustainable development within the UN system. It highlights the organization’s role in shaping both the understanding and the practical application of sustainable development. Despite significant achievements, multilateral collaboration faces unprecedented turbulence. Rising geopolitical tensions, persistent financing gaps, digital divides, and the COVID-19 pandemic have tested global solidarity. Yet the international community has demonstrated remarkable resilience, as evidenced by recent achievements such as the successful conclusion of the Fourth International Conference on Small Island Developing States, the Third United Nations Ocean Conference, the Fourth International Conference on Financing for Development, the Third United Nations Conference on Land-Locked Developing Countries and the WHO Pandemic Agreement. Demonstrating the value of multilateral cooperation and investment in sustainable development has become increasingly important. The choice is clear: the global community must advance together through genuine solidarity and cooperation. If we retreat into fragmentation, we risk collective failure. The 80-year journey of the UN demonstrates that despite inherent complexities, multilateral action through the United Nations can yield transformative results, improve lives, and expand opportunities for all.
Understanding the Lives of the Women, Men and Children of Al-Hol Camp
Since 2016, Al-Hol camp has been a site of prolonged arbitrary detention for tens of thousands of Syrians, Iraqis, and third-country nationals who were detained following the fall of ISIL/Da’esh. At its peak in 2019, an estimated 73,000 people were arbitrarily detained, 91 per cent of whom were women and children. In July 2024, camp management estimated the population at 41,032 individuals. Movement is highly restricted, and humanitarian operations are severely limited and under-resourced. Conditions in the camp are marked by systematic human rights violations. This publication examines gendered experiences of arbitrary detention in Al-Hol and interrogates core assumptions of women’s alleged links or family ties to ISIL/Da’esh. The study uses an anthropological approach to provide an in-depth analysis of the socioeconomic composition of the camp, as well as the specific ways in which the lives of arbitrarily detained women and girls intersected—or did not intersect—with ISIL/Da’esh. In line with UN Women’s normative and protection mandate, this publication examines under-researched forms of gendered experiences in Al-Hol, including cases of extreme violence, insecurity, and criminality, alongside prior experiences during the conflict. The study examines exploitation, agency, and human rights, as well as humanitarian and protection risks in Al-Hol, particularly for women and girls. Furthermore, the analysis addresses the ways in which these experiences have shaped their daily lives, futures, and prospects for leaving the camp. The study generates evidence and provides recommendations in support of a human rights–based, gender-responsive policy and programmatic approach to addressing the situation of indefinite, mass arbitrary detention.
Afghanistan Opium Survey 2025
Opium poppy cultivation in Afghanistan in 2025 decreased by 20 per cent compared to the previous year, according to a new survey from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). The sharp contraction, together with market indicators, suggest that opium production and trafficking are undergoing major shifts in the region. The total area under opium poppy cultivation in 2025 was estimated at 10,200 hectares, 20 per cent lower than in 2024 (12,800 hectares) and a fraction of the pre-ban levels recorded in 2022, when an estimated 232,000 hectares were cultivated nationwide. Accordingly, opium production has also declined in 2025, at a rate even greater than that of cultivation, dropping by 32 per cent compared to 2024, to an estimated total of 296 tons. Farmers’ income from opium sales fell by 48 per cent from US$260 million in 2024 to US$134 million in 2025. After the ban, many farmers shifted to growing cereals and other crops. Worsening weather conditions, such as droughts or low rainfall, however, resulted in over 40 per cent of farmland laying barren. Simultaneously, the return of approximately four million Afghans from neighbouring countries, representing by now around 10 per cent of the country’s population, has intensified competition for scarce jobs and resources. All these factors, paired with the reductions in humanitarian aid can possibly make opium poppy cultivation more attractive.
Climate Change and Migration
This study examines the links between climate change and migration, showing how environmental stressors drive human mobility. Produced by Cairo University’s Migration Research Unit in partnership with IOM, the study draws on case studies from Bangladesh, Mexico and Morocco, with special emphasis on Egypt as a highly vulnerable lower-middle-income country. It situates climate-induced migration within broader social, economic and political contexts, analysing both rapid- and slow-onset events and their differentiated impacts on vulnerable populations. Offering fresh insights and lessons, this report speaks to policymakers, researchers and practitioners confronting one of today’s most pressing global challenges.
Climate Chains: Mapping the Relationship between Climate, Trafficking in Persons and Building Resilience in the Philippines
This report, Climate Chains: Mapping the Relationship between Climate, Trafficking in Persons and Building Resilience in the Philippines, explores the complex links between climate change, livelihood, vulnerability, migration and human trafficking in the Philippines. Commissioned by IOM under the Climate Resilience Against Trafficking and Exploitation (CREATE) project, this study forms part of a broader research focusing on Ethiopia and the Philippines – two countries facing distinct climate challenges: slow-onset droughts and sudden-onset typhoons, respectively. The research used a mixed-methods approach including household surveys, interviews and focus group discussions. The report puts forward a conceptual model that links climate events and trafficking through a series of intertwined steps. It identifies a causal chain where climate events disrupt livelihood, increase vulnerability and heighten migration intentions, which can lead to exploitation and trafficking. The research explores how factors linking climate and trafficking operate in the Philippines. This study provides critical insights and recommendations for policymakers, donors and organizations in the Philippines and internationally that are working to combat human trafficking and exploitation, while strengthening resilience to climate change.
Gender Alert: Four Years of Taliban Rule - Afghan Women Resist as Restrictions Tighten
Four years since the Taliban takeover in August 2021, the women’s rights crisis is being normalized. Not a single decree restricting women and girls has been repealed; measures once framed as temporary are now entrenched as the norm. This gender alert counters such normalization by presenting 10 insights gathered through UN Women’s research and analysis undertaken since August 2021. Despite systemic repression, Afghan women remain resilient, sustaining hope and continuing to contribute as frontline workers, entrepreneurs, and advocates. Yet, enforcement of restrictive decrees has consolidated nationwide, reinforced by the 2024 Law on the Propagation of Virtue and Prevention of Vice. Education and employment bans have sidelined a generation, with nearly 80 per cent of young women excluded from education, employment or training. Women’s mobility and safety have further eroded, with mahram requirements and surveillance undermining access to services, livelihoods, and public life. Women’s representation in decision-making has disappeared entirely, though inheritance rights remain a narrow entry point. Funding cuts are further constraining women-led organizations, jeopardizing the few remaining civic spaces. At the same time, large-scale refugee returns, many forcibly, are compounding vulnerabilities. The alert calls for sustained, flexible funding for women’s organizations, a minimum of 30 per cent of aid directed to gender equality, and the centrality of women’s rights in all humanitarian, development, and political interventions.
Climate Change and its Health Impacts: A Case Study of Internal Migrant Workers in Hanoi, Viet Nam
This report examines the health impacts of climate change on internal migrant workers in Hanoi’s industrial zones. Through desk review and interviews with 15 migrant workers, the study reveals that most workers perceive climate change through immediate weather changes and air pollution, with limited understanding of broader systemic causes. Respiratory illnesses and heat-related conditions are the most common health issues, especially among older workers and children. Adaptation strategies are largely individual – wearing masks, limiting outdoor activities, and maintaining hygiene – while formal support from employers or Government is lacking. Economic constraints and limited access to health care and health information further hinder effective adaptation. The report calls for urgent investment in occupational safety and health and climate risk mitigation. Recommendations include expanding health insurance, integrating climate adaptation into workplace practices and raising awareness through community events and educational materials. Addressing these gaps is vital to protect the health and productivity of migrant workers in the face of escalating climate risks.
Migration in Seychelles: A Country Profile 2024
The Migration Profile for Seychelles is the second of its kind, providing updated details on migration issues that have evolved since 2014. The report reflects on changing migration trends and patterns while taking stock of the impact of migration on population, labour and the environment, among others. The updated report provides an analysis of some of the changes that have taken place on migration in, to and from Seychelles, as well as changes in migration policy and governance. The revised Migration Profile provides insights into the characteristics of migration in Seychelles, highlighting the changing economic, social, political and environmental issues that influence migration patterns that have been taking place since 2014. It reflects on the shift in migration patterns as well as government response in terms of policies, laws and legislation that are guided by regional, continental and global migration-related instruments. The analysis indicates that migration continues to have a positive impact on the country, but there is still limited data and research on key migration patterns. In addition, the Profile reveals that there are a number of stakeholders engaged in migration – from local to national levels – that can engage effectively with key State actors on migration issues.
Empowering Indigenous Peoples Through Trade
A Comprehensive Roadmap
Indigenous Peoples in developing countries face obstacles that limit their participation in global trade, from inadequate infrastructure and logistical challenges to insufficient access to financial services and discriminatory practices. The International Trade Centre’s Indigenous Peoples and Trade Strategy aims to empower Indigenous businesses to trade regionally and globally while preserving and leveraging their unique cultural heritage, traditional knowledge and sustainable practices. The strategy, prepared in consultation with Indigenous Peoples, provides a roadmap to build business capacity, while equipping business support organizations and strengthening governments to tailor their support and improve trade policies that boost trade opportunities for Indigenous Peoples.
التقدم نحو تحقيق أهداف التنمية المستدامة في المنطقة العربية بحلول عام 2025
The present report provides a comprehensive overview of progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the Arab region in 2024, against a backdrop of prolonged instability and emerging global challenges, using 2015 as a baseline. While notable improvements have been made in areas such as health and sanitation, significant challenges persist in eradicating poverty, reducing inequality and addressing climate change. The 2022 High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development called for accelerated action on the SDGs. It is therefore more urgent than ever to drive development and gather the evidence needed to measure progress, stagnation and setbacks. As Arab countries navigate complex socio-economic landscapes, the report serves as a vital resource for Governments, stakeholders, and development partners committed to achieving sustainable development and ensuring that no one is left behind.
The polycrisis for Children in Haiti: The Ripple Effect of Violence, Malnutrition, Lost Learning and Failing Essential Services
UNICEF Child Alert
Haiti is facing a devastating and fast-evolving humanitarian crisis as violence spirals, internal displacement soars and families are cut off from basic services. ‘The polycrisis for children in Haiti’ draws on the latest data, field reports and sectoral analyses to sound the alarm on the scale of the crisis facing children in Haiti.
Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions
First Report on the Proposed Programme Budget for 2026
This is the annual report submitted to the General Assembly by the Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions on the proposed programme budget for the year 2026.
The State of the World’s Children 2025
Ending Child Poverty: Our Shared Imperative
The promise of childhood is broken for millions when poverty denies them their basic rights and the chance to reach their full potential. The State of the World’s Children 2025: Ending Child Poverty – Our Shared Imperative exposes the staggering scale and depth of deprivation facing children in every corner of the globe. The analysis examines multidimensional poverty across health, education, nutrition, housing, sanitation and water, and provides a critical roadmap for governments and partners to dismantle barriers, prioritize social protection, and build a world where every child can survive and thrive. The Statistical Compendium presents the most recent key statistics on child survival, development and protection for the world’s countries, areas and regions. It supports UNICEF’s focus on progress and results towards internationally agreed-upon goals and compacts relating to children’s and women’s rights and development.