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The United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Nelson Mandela Rules)
The following rules are not intended to describe in detail a model system of penal institutions. They seek only on the basis of the general consensus of contemporary thought and the essential elements of the most adequate systems of today to set out what is generally accepted as being good principles and practice in the treatment of prisoners and prison management.
Treaty Series 3103
In accordance with Article 102 of the Charter and the relevant General Assembly Resolutions every treaty and international agreement registered or filed and recorded with the Secretariat since 1945 is published in the United Nations Treaty Series. At present the collection includes about 30000 treaties reproduced in their authentic languages together with translations into English and French as necessary.
Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific 2024
Given the urgency of the SDG Stimulus and that public debt distress is likely to remain a major macroeconomic policy challenge for Asia and the Pacific in coming years the Survey 2024 will continue to focus on fiscal and public debt challenges and policy options. After outlining the changing economic financial and development context and its medium-term fiscal implications the Survey 2024 will dive deeper into policy options that developing Asia-Pacific economies as debtors and as part of the international community can explore to boost affordable and long-term financing for essential public spending on sustainable development and reduce the associated sovereign credit risks and costs. In addition to identifying ‘what’ policy actions should be taken the Survey 2024 will also give emphasis on ‘how to’ implement the needed policy actions. Insights from approaches such as political economy behavioural science and country case studies will be used.
伯克利数字开源调查协议
The Berkeley Protocol on Digital Open Source Investigations: A Practical Guide on the Effective Use of Digital Open Source Information in International Human Rights Humanitarian Law and Criminal Investigations. The Berkeley Protocol on Digital Open Source Investigations identifies international standards for conducting online research of alleged violations of international criminal human rights and humanitarian law. It provides guidance on methodologies and procedures for gathering analyzing and preserving digital information in a professional legal and ethical manner. The Protocol sets out measures that online investigators can and should take to protect the digital physical and psychosocial safety of themselves and others including witnesses victims and first responders (such as citizens activists and journalists) who risk their own wellbeing to document war crimes and human rights violations so that those who are responsible are brought to justice.
Voluntary Peer Review of Consumer Protection Law and Policy: Gabon
The Voluntary peer review of consumer protection law and policy of Gabon provides an external and independent assessment of the effectiveness of consumer protection law and policy in the country with the following three objectives: analysing the legislative institutional and public policy frameworks and the enforcement of legislation in order to identify the challenges to be addressed and the areas to be improved in the legislative and institutional frameworks; assessing the consumer protection awareness of relevant stakeholders and their contributions in this area; and formulating and recommending appropriate measures.
Руководство по сбору данных об официальных нетарифных мерах: Издание 2023 года
In recent decades multilateral and regional trade negotiations and unilateral liberalization have substantially reduced tariff rates. Non-tariff measures (NTMs) however represent a growing challenge for exporters and policy makers. The ability to gain and to benefit from market access depends increasingly on compliance with trade regulatory measures such as sanitary requirements and goods standards. The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) has been actively involved in research and activities on issues related to non-tariff measures. The purpose of this publication is to provide guidelines to enable data collectors to harmonize the data collection process and to minimize uncertainty during the process of categorization and classification.
Rapport sur la gouvernance économique II: Cadre d’évaluation et de rapportage des dépenses fiscales en afrique
Le présent rapport met l’accent sur les dépenses fiscales. Celles-ci entrainent une perte de recettes publiques dans les cas où les pouvoirs publics octroient des allocations à des contribuables potentiels réduisant ainsi l’assiette fiscale et les recettes effectivement perçues. Les recettes perdues en raison des dépenses fiscales auraient pu être réparties de manière plus judicieuse entre les différentes priorités de développement du pays dans le cadre d’une supervision prudente en veillant à ce qu’il n’y ait pas de laissés pour compte. Le présent rapport fournit un cadre de gouvernance efficace des dépenses fiscales y compris l’évaluation des coûts budgétaires des dépenses fiscales et la production et publication de rapports. Le cadre peut permettre aux gouvernements d’examiner les propositions d’optimisation des dépenses et aboutir à la suppression des incitations fiscales improductives stimulant ainsi la collecte des recettes. Il peut également contribuer à l’accroissement de la mobilisation des ressources intérieures du continent à la réduction de sa vulnérabilité à l’endettement et la volatilité des financements extérieurs et à l’amélioration des perspectives de réalisation de ses objectifs de développement.
UNCTAD Productive Capacities Index
UNCTAD’s extensive work on measuring and benchmarking productive capacities globally reveals significant gaps not only between developed and developing economies but also within the developing countries themselves. UNCTAD’s new Productive Capacities Index (PCI) clearly demonstrates that the difference in the levels of socioeconomic development across countries and regions is a consequence of the gaps in their levels of productive capacities.
National Accounts Statistics: Main Aggregates and Detailed Tables 2002-2003
This publication contains detailed national accounts estimates for 169 countries and areas of the world for the years 1992 to 2003. The national data for each country and area are presented in separate chapters using uniform table headings and classifications recommended in the United Nations System of National Accounts (SNA). A summary of the conceptual framework of the SNA and definitions of important terms are also included in this publication. Other statistical information covered includes gross domestic product national income savings private and government consumption and transactions of institutional sectors.
Прекурсоры и химические вещества, часто используемые при незаконном изготовлении наркотических средств и психотропных веществ 2022 г.
This report summarizes the actions taken by Governments and by the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) on precursors to prevent chemical diversion and to implement the provisions of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988. The Report contains an account of the activities carried out during the reporting period; provides an overview of the major trends and developments in licit trade and trafficking in and illicit use of individual chemicals; contains a summary of seizures cases of suspicious and stopped shipments and diversions or attempted diversions; and details activities associated with illicit drug manufacture.
Proteção Aos Direitos De Minorias
Este Guia descreve detalhadamente o conteúdo de uma legislação abrangente contra a discriminação. Fornece aos legisladores e defensores as ferramentas para desenvolver legislação anti-discriminação consistente com as normas jurídicas internacionais sobre os direitos à igualdade e à não-discriminação. Visa ajudar os Estados a cumprir as suas obrigações fundamentais de direito internacional de respeitar proteger e cumprir os direitos à igualdade e à não discriminação. Este Guia também inclui exemplos práticos para ajudar os legisladores e os decisores políticos. Fornece também orientações específicas sobre a ligação entre a legislação antidiscriminação por um lado e os direitos das minorias por outro.
Panorama Social de América Latina y el Caribe 2023
En esta edición del Panorama Social de América Latina y el Caribe se abordan los desafíos de la inclusión laboral como eje central para el desarrollo social inclusivo. A pesar de una recuperación en 2022 de los indicadores sociales (reducción de la pobreza y la desigualdad recuperación del empleo) se enfrenta una doble trampa de bajo crecimiento y altos niveles de pobreza y desigualdad. La inclusión laboral es clave para combatir la pobreza reducir la informalidad y la desigualdad y avanzar hacia el desarrollo social inclusivo. Las brechas de género en la inclusión laboral están determinadas por la desigual distribución de la carga de trabajo de cuidados que recae sobre las mujeres. En el caso de las personas migrantes la sobrecalificación y la discriminación también afectan su inclusión laboral. Los esfuerzos realizados por los países respecto de la inversión en políticas laborales que en promedio llegan al 034% del PIB resultan insuficientes. Es necesario transitar de la inserción laboral a la inclusión laboral garantizando el acceso a empleos de calidad ingresos laborales mayores al salario mínimo y acceso a la protección social en particular para las mujeres y las personas jóvenes.
Rapport mondial des Nations Unies sur la mise en valeur des ressources en eau 2024
Les ressources en eau alimentent la prospérité en répondant aux besoins humains fondamentaux en contribuant au maintien de la santé des moyens de subsistance et du développement économique en renforçant la sécurité alimentaire comme énergétique ainsi qu’en préservant l’intégrité environnementale. Ces ressources influent sur l’économie de bien des manières et les dynamiques du commerce mondial comme les adaptations au marché peuvent avoir des effets directs sur la manière dont les économies régionales et locales emploient l’eau. De même les répercussions des conflits sur les ressources en eau sont multiples et souvent indirectes telles celles ayant trait aux migrations forcées et à une exposition accrue aux risques sanitaires. Le changement climatique les troubles géopolitiques les pandémies les migrations massives l’hyperinflation et d’autres crises peuvent exacerber les inégalités d’accès à l’eau. En règle générale les groupes les plus pauvres et les plus vulnérables sont ceux dont le bien-être est le plus menacé. L’édition 2024 du Rapport mondial des Nations Unies sur la mise en valeur des ressources en eau expose les relations complexes d’interdépendance qui existent entre la gestion durable de l’eau la paix et la prospérité tout comme il décrit la manière dont les progrès réalisés sur l’un de ces aspects ont des répercussions positives souvent cruciales sur les deux autres.
State of the Global Climate 2023
The publication provides a summary on the state of the climate indicators in 2023 with sections on key climate indicators extreme events and impacts. The indicators include global temperatures greenhouse gas concentration ocean heat content sea level rise ocean acidification Arctic and Antarctic Sea ice Greenland ice sheet and glaciers and snow cover precipitation and stratospheric ozone with an analysis of major drivers of inter-annual climate variability during the year including the El Niño Southern Oscillation and other ocean and atmospheric indices. The highlighted extreme events include those related to tropical cyclones and windstorms flooding drought and extreme heat and cold events. The publication also provides most recent finding on climate related risks and impacts including on food security and population displacement.
Analysis of War Damage to the Ukrainian Science Sector and Its Consequences
The conditions for conducting scientific and experimental work in Ukraine have significantly deteriorated since the Russian invasion of February 2022. As a result of the bombing of Ukrainian cities over the past two years many scientists in the public sector have been forced to change both their city of residence and their place of work. By January 2024 12% of Ukrainian scientists and university teachers had been forced to emigrate or relocate internally. About 30% of all Ukrainian scientists have been forced to work remotely. Another 1518 scientists have volunteered for combat duty. The cost of restoring Ukraine’s public research infrastructure has been estimated at US$ 1.2637 billion. This figure covers both scientific equipment (US$ 46 million) and buildings. Some 1443 buildings belonging to 177 public scientific institutions have been damaged or destroyed since February 2022. Not all buildings can be assessed however as many are located in territories temporarily occupied by the Russian Federation. The war has also eroded state budgets allocated to scientific institutions. In parallel the number of contracts concluded with domestic and foreign business partners has fallen sharply further diminishing the income of scientific institutions. Opportunities for joint research and technical projects have been curbed by the migration of scientists. These factors have led to a drop in scientific productivity at both national and international levels. The present study has been commissioned from the Junior Academy of Sciences of Ukraine by UNESCO. The study is intended to inform UNESCO’s strategy for supporting a recovery plan for Ukraine’s science sector.
Manufacture of Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and their Precursors 2019
This publication lists national manufacturers authorized by governments to manufacture or convert specific narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances as well as manufacturers of precursor chemicals on a country-by-country basis. Along with the name of manufacturers readers will find contact details and the name of narcotic drugs and/or psychotropic substances each manufacturer is authorized to produce. An index in English French and Spanish of all substances under international control reported to have been actually manufactured during the year appears at the end of the publication indicating the country or countries in which manufacture took place and the manufacturers involved.
Social Panorama of Latin America and the Caribbean 2023
This edition of the Social Panorama of Latin America and the Caribbean addresses the challenges of labour inclusion as a key axis for inclusive social development. Despite a recovery in social indicators in 2022 (reduction of poverty and inequality recovery of employment) the region faces a double trap of low growth and high levels of poverty and inequality. Labour inclusion is key to combating poverty reducing informality and inequality and moving towards inclusive social development. Gender gaps in labour market inclusion are driven by the unequal distribution of the burden of care work which is largely borne by women. In the case of migrants overqualification and discrimination also affect their labour market inclusion. The efforts made by countries in terms of investment in labour policies which on average amount to 0.34% of GDP are insufficient. What is needed is a shift from labour market integration to labour market inclusion guaranteeing access to quality employment income above the minimum wage and access to social protection particularly for women and young people.
Rapport sur le développement économique en Afrique 2023
Le rapport examine les nouvelles technologies et les tendances de fabrication que les pays africains doivent adopter pour permettre une production locale viable des marchés intérieurs attractifs pour les entreprises étrangères (y compris la délocalisation de la production sur le continent) et des pratiques innovantes en matière de chaîne d'approvisionnement. Le rapport recommande les principales options politiques les meilleures pratiques et les orientations stratégiques nécessaires pour aider les décideurs et les décideurs politiques africains à tirer parti du potentiel des marchés et des entreprises nationaux et régionaux africains pour favoriser les chaînes d'approvisionnement nationales et créer un marché de fournisseurs fiable et fiable pour l'approvisionnement mondial. et contribuer ainsi à accroître la contribution de l'Afrique au commerce et à la croissance mondiaux.
Precursors and Chemicals Frequently Used in the Illicit Manufacture of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances 2022
This report summarizes the actions taken by Governments and by the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) on precursors to prevent chemical diversion and to implement the provisions of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988. The Report contains an account of the activities carried out during the reporting period; provides an overview of the major trends and developments in licit trade and trafficking in and illicit use of individual chemicals; contains a summary of seizures cases of suspicious and stopped shipments and diversions or attempted diversions; and details activities associated with illicit drug manufacture.
Precursores y sustancias químicas frecuentemente utilizados para la fabricación ilícita de estupefacientes y sustancias sicotrópicas 2022
Desde hace más de 20 años y de conformidad con el mandato que se le encomendó en virtud de la Convención de las Naciones Unidas contra el Tráfico Ilícito de Estupefacientes y Sustancias Sicotrópicas de 1988 así como las distintas resoluciones aprobadas por el Consejo de Seguridad el Consejo Económico y Social y la Comisión de Estupefacientes la Junta Internacional de Fiscalización de Estupefacientes (JIFE) ha vigilado y promovido medidas de fiscalización nacional e internacional de los precursores y sustancias químicas utilizados en la fabricación ilícita de drogas. También ha llevado a cabo las numerosas tareas que le ha confiado la comunidad internacional entre ellas la de administrar el sistema de fiscalización internacional de precursores y presentar informes acerca de su aplicación vigilar el movimiento lícito de las sustancias químicas incluidas en los cuadros; y vigilar y analizar las actividades de tráfico ilícito e informar al respecto.