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- Volume 1990, Issue 41, 1990
CEPAL Review - Volume 1990, Issue 41, 1990
Volume 1990, Issue 41, 1990
Cepal Review is the leading journal for the study of economic and social development issues in Latin America and the Caribbean. Edited by the Economic Commission for Latin America, each issue focuses on economic trends, industrialization, income distribution, technological development and monetary systems, as well as the implementation of reforms and transfer of technology. Written in English and Spanish (Revista De La Cepal), each tri-annual issue brings you approximately 12 studies and essays undertaken by authoritative experts or gathered from conference proceedings.
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23rd session of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean.
Author: United NationsBetween 3 and 11 May of this year, ECLAC held its twenty-third session in Caracas, Venezuela. The following pages contain the texts of the addresses delivered on that occasion by the Executive Secretary of ECLAC, Mr. Gert Rosenthal, when opening the Ministerial-level phase of the session on 9 May; the President of Venezuela, Dr. Carlos Andrés Pérez, at the closure of the session on 11 May; the Minister of the Economy of Chile, Mr. Carlos Ominami, speaking on behalf of the Chilean delegation on 10 May; the Minister of Planning and the Budget of Mexico, Dr. Ernesto Zedillo, likewise on 10 May, and the EEC Director of Relations with Latin America, Mr. Angel Viñas (Spain), speaking on behalf of the Commission of the European Communities, on 11 May.
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Mexico’s stabilization policy
Author: Jorge Eduardo NavarreteThis paper discusses Mexico’s stabilization efforts over the last two years, as related to the wider framework of the country’s economic behaviour and the major elements in the external sector of the economy.
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A pragmatic approach to State intervention: The brazilian case
Authors: Luiz Carlos Ribeiro and Luiz Carlos Bresser PereiraThis article examiaes State intervention in the Brazilian economy, in an attempt to elucidate why the State ceased to play a decisive part in the country’s development. The primary explanation lies in the cyclical nature of State intervention. In the beginning, intervention tended to be very successful, especially when the country was launching its industrialization phase. Gradually, however, the distortions inherent in intervention without some form of market control began to accumulate, leading the State into fiscal crisis. The current neoliberal wave and its success in advocating privatizations can be understood in these terms.
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Sustained development for the Caribbean
Author: Trevor HarkerLooking back over the fading decade some of us will remember it with fascination, as a turbulent decade in which changes came at an accelerating pace, stretching our capacity to cope. Yet, as these changes contained within themselves challenges as well as opportunities, our fascination is usually tinged with equal parts of hope and apprehension. Various regions have displayed differing degrees of success in coping with these changes, and within the regions, countries have demonstrated varying degrees of skill in managing change, based on their resource endowments and their capacities to formulate appropriate policies.
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Latin America’s place in world trade
Author: Mattia BarberaThis article analyses the role played in world trade by the main countries of Latin America during the period 1965-1987. The analysis is based on a reclassification of commercial trends which shows both the intensity of use of the factors concerned and the technological content of these trends. Also, by constructing an indicator showing the contribution to the trade balance, we can compare the patterns of international specialization of the region as a whole and of each country in particular, as well as the changes made in those patterns as a result of the trade and exchange policies applied during the last two decades.
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Components of an effective environmental policy
Author: Nicolo GligoGovernments now have very wide experience in promoting development and achieving better levels of income by means of macroeconomic and sectoral policies. Nevertheless, their experience is limited and they have not been very successful in guaranteeing the environmental sustainability of the projects they undertake and, thus helping to assure income sources.
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Natural heritage accounts and sustainable Development
Author: Nicolo GligoThe economic growth of a country undoubtedly entails an environmental cost. This cost is much higher if development is based largely on the exploitation of natural resources. The existence of methods to detect and calculate this cost would afford parameters which would help us to determine the corrections to development strategies that we would have to introduce in order for development to be environmentally sustainable.
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The magnitude of poverty in Latin America
Authors: Juan Carlos Feres and Arturo LeónIn the last two decades, Latin America has gone through two opposite phases: the 1970s, which was a period of economic growth for most of the countries, and the 1980s, when the crisis seriously depressed the standard of living of broad sectors of the population. In order to appraise and interpret these changes properly, however, it is necessary to have at hand indicators which, individually or together, give an idea of the various dimensions of the social situation and the way they have evolved.
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The complexity of evaluating social development
Authors: Fuben Kaztman and Pascual GerstenfeldThe decade of the 1980s has been called the “lost decade”, mainly in terms of the economic growth, investment and output of the countries of the region. However, the fragmentary evidence available makes such a summary description seem inappropriate for what happened in the social area. In view of the institutional inertia, the delayed effects of policies conceived and implemented under more favourable economic conditions than those of the 1980s, and particularly the will of governments to render some areas of welfare independent of economic fluctuations, a subtler evaluation of social development during the decade is called for.
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Nature and selectiveness of social policy
Author: Ana SojoIt was in the 1980s that proposals for the targeting or focusing of social expenditure on the poor gained ground. These proposals contrast universality and selectivity in terms of a dilemma in a disjunctive relationship; targeting or universal policies, or targeting versus universal policies.
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Econometric models for planning
Author: Eduardo Garcia d'AcuñaThe use of models in planning is almost as old as formalized planning itself, initiated in Latin America in the 1960s. Planning models were developed and used at both government and international agency levels, generally as simple analytical structures derived from the Harrod-Domar growth equation.
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Selection of dynamic comparative advantages
Author: Eduardo Garcia d'AcuñaThe future development of Latin America and the Caribbean will feature the progressive and more effective insertion of its products in the international economy. This process appears to be determined by two important factors.
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