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- Volume 1991, Issue 45, 1991
CEPAL Review - Volume 1991, Issue 45, 1991
Volume 1991, Issue 45, 1991
Cepal Review is the leading journal for the study of economic and social development issues in Latin America and the Caribbean. Edited by the Economic Commission for Latin America, each issue focuses on economic trends, industrialization, income distribution, technological development and monetary systems, as well as the implementation of reforms and transfer of technology. Written in English and Spanish (Revista De La Cepal), each tri-annual issue brings you approximately 12 studies and essays undertaken by authoritative experts or gathered from conference proceedings.
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Social images of technological change
Author: United NationsIn 1989 and 1990, the ECLAC Social Development Division carried out a study in five Latin American countries -Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile and Ecuador- on the social images of modernization and technological change. Six companies were selected in each country, taking care to include among them State enterprises, domestically-owned private companies and foreign-owned private companies. Care was also taken to ensure that the companies represented a range of economic activities: manufacturing, mining, agriculture, services and transport. In each company, interviews were held with the entrepreneurial side, an engineer or technician, and union leaders. As a result, it was possible to identify some items and expects which may he of importance.
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International competitiveness and specialization
Author: Ousmène Jacques MandengThis paper takes as its starting point the idea that the overall benefits of competition are largely determined by dynamic changes in market patterns. The opportunities in trade depend obviously on how a country can serve the market and more obviously on how competitive it is. Attention will therefore be centered mainly on the interaction between competitiveness and changes in the market structure. This phenomenon is abstrapted from conventional factors to explain trade patterns. The approach provides a descriptive and synthetic framework to identify and evaluate recent shifts in the patterns of competition and specialization of developed, developing and centrally planned economies in the OECD market.
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Commodity exports and Latin American development
Author: José Miguel BenaventeIn the past, international cooperation in the area of commodities has been concentrated on measures to stabilize world prices through agreements between producers and consumers. At present, the questions of the level and stability of world prices continue to be just as important as ever, but there are few possibilities of resuming international cooperation of this type. Furthermore, the level of final prices is only one of the problems related with production costs (which in turn depend on the technologies applied) and other aspects regarding the added value retained in the producer countries.
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The role of the State in technological progress
Author: Ricardo Mosquera MesaThe starting point for this article is the link between knowledge and the production of goods and services. After an analysis of the characteristics and dynamics of that link, the role of the State in the development of particular lines of technological research is examined.
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The polluter must pay
Author: Rafael ValenzuelaThe principte stated in the title of this article was adopted for the first time at the latertiational level in 1972, by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Basically, it postulates that those responsible for pollution must pay the cost of the measures needed to prevent or reduce such pollution in order to comply with regulations and measures on environmental quality.
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Macroeconomic policy coordination and integration
Author: Arnim SchwidrowskiMacroeconomic policy cooivlination is a new topic in the Latin American integration debate. In the light of pronounced macroeconomic instabilities in many Latin American economies, the recent efforts to revitalize regional integration schemes have led to an awareness that differences in national macroeconomic performance, as well as the instability per se, could frustrate advances In regional integration.
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Reconciling subregional and hemispheric integration
Author: Juan Alberto Fuentes KnightThis article analyses the type of subregional integration efforts which could at the same time help to further the aims of increasing competitiveness, taking advantage of the opportunities created by the Enterprise for the Americas, and progressing towards an open world economy where multilateral rules rather than the use of naked power prevail. In particular, it is argued that subregional integration can, on the one hand, serve as a precedent for possible subsequent non-discriminatory agreements, while on the other hand it can create favourable conditions for growth based on greater efficiency and competitiveness, as well as promoting domestic and foreign investment.
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The Latin American Labour Market, 1950-1990
Authors: Ricardo Infante B. and Emilio KleinThis article contrasts the behaviour of the labour market in the region between 1950 and 1980 with that registered after the onset of the crisis of the 1980s,
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The economic and social significance of narcotics
Author: Jorge GiustiThe production, trafficking and abuse of drugs has attained enormous magnitude all over the world. In Latin America, the problem has taken on very special implications, because that is the region where the countries which are the biggest producers of coca leaves, basic paste and cocaine are located.
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Ideology and development: Brazil, 1930-1964
Author: Ricardo BielschowskyThis article deals with the intellectual production on the Brazilian industrialization project from the 1930s to the 1960s. It may be noted that Brazil is probably the Latin American country where the seminal ideas of eclac on this subject gained the broadest acceptance.
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