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- Volume 1993, Issue 50, 1993
CEPAL Review - Volume 1993, Issue 50, 1993
Volume 1993, Issue 50, 1993
Cepal Review is the leading journal for the study of economic and social development issues in Latin America and the Caribbean. Edited by the Economic Commission for Latin America, each issue focuses on economic trends, industrialization, income distribution, technological development and monetary systems, as well as the implementation of reforms and transfer of technology. Written in English and Spanish (Revista De La Cepal), each tri-annual issue brings you approximately 12 studies and essays undertaken by authoritative experts or gathered from conference proceedings.
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In memory of Pedro Vuskovic: Jacobo Schatan
Author: Jacobo SchatanFor those o f us who shared many years offriendship and professional collaboration with Pedro Vuskovic, the news of his recent death in Mexico has been the cause of great sorrow, not only because of the circumstances of his death, following a cruel disease that gradually sapped his physical -but not intellectual- strength, but also because it signifies the loss of a great Latin American, of a teacher who helped shape so many generations of young people in our region, and of a companion during so many days of intellectual strivings and political struggle.
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Regional integration In the 1990s
Author: Gert RosenthalThe renewed interest sparked by the potential for intraregional cooperation in Latin America and the Caribbean today has been reflected in numerous agreements regarding trade preferences and in attempts to establish free trade areas, customs unions or common markets. The possibility has even been discussed of setting up free trade arrangements on a hemispheric scale.
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The integrationist revival: A return to Prebisch’s policy prescriptions
Author: José Manuel Salazar-XirinachsThis paper revisits Raúl Prebisch’s views on an issue that has become central to trade and development policy in the 1990s: The relationship between industrialization, regional economic integration and outward-oriented growth. The author argues that, whereas these elements have been interpreted as relatively separate components of Raul Prebisch’s thinking, they are in fact organically related in the dynamic sequence of development policies formulated by Prebisch.
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Trade liberalization in Latin America
Authors: Manuel R. Agosin and Ricardo Ffrench-DavisA major shift has been observed in the development strategies of most of the Latin American countries in recent years. One sign of this change has been that the countries have increased the neutrality of their trade policy incentives in an effort to give greater priority to the market as a resource-allocation mechanism; it is also hoped that this will result in a more export-oriented production apparatus.
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Growth, crises and strategic turnarounds
Author: Joseph RamosThe import-substitution strategy was entirely justified in the 1930s and continued to make sense until the late 1950s, so long as export opportunities were being dampened by the Great Depression, the Second World War and the reconstruction of Europe. From the 1960s on, however, it afforded diminishing returns as international trade burgeoned. During the 1980s, the macroeconomic instability caused by the debt crisis compounded the problems associated with this development strategy, which had begun to become apparent in the 1970s.
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Market failure and technological policy
Author: Jorge M. KatzThis article highlights the need to complement macroeconomic policies designed to secure stabilization, deregulation and greater openness with other macroeconomic and microeconomic measures aimed at revitalizing the growth and competitiveness of the countries of the region. At the national level, in terms of macroeconomic measures, it is necessary to increase domestic saving and channel it towards productive investments within the local context, while microeconomic policy should include measures to develop and consolidate in the countries an innovative, wide-ranging system for furthering changes in the production patterns of the economy and promoting the transition to new technologies and forms of participation in international markets.
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The monetary crisis, dollarization and the exchange rate
Author: Paulo Nogueira BatistaThe purpose of this paper is to contribute to the debate on stabilization policies in conditions of high inflation in the light of the experience of Brazil and some other countries, especially the European monetary crises of the 1920s and the stabilization of the Argentine currency in 1991/1992. The paper begins with some comments on certain special features of situations of high inflation, with emphasis on the unfeasibility of following the sequence of measures recommended for dealing with only moderate imbalances.
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Financing decentralization
Authors: Dolores María Rufián Lizana and Rufián LlzanaThe financing of a State’s sub-national levels of government, in federal and other systems alike, is an instrument of decentralization; first, each State has to decide what area of responsibility to assign to each governmental level and then it must design a suitable financing mechanism. If these sub-national governments’ degrees of fiscal and administrative autonomy are not kept in alignment, then eventually the initiative may fait as the bodies at these levels gradually lose decision-making power within their sphere of responsibility.
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Intraregional migration of skilled manpower
Author: Jorge Martínez PizarroConcern about the international migration of skilled human resources has traditionally focused on migratory flows to industrialized countries, i.e., about what has come to be known as the “brain drain". There are, however, migratory movements of this segment of the labour force within the region as well. This “horizontal” migration is analysed briefly in the present article; in so doing, the author reviews its causes, possible implications, the characteristics of these flows of skilled migrants, and the relationship between what is to be observed in some countries and the official altitude adopted by their Governments.
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Social sciences and social reality in Central America
Author: Andrés PérezThe poverty and weakness of Central America, combined with its potential strategic importance in world politics, have made this region extremely vulnerable to external intellectual and political influences. The result of these influences has been national political processes guided by European notions of Conservatism, Liberalism and Socialism, and a social sciences tradition that is trapped in the intellectual ethos of its mid-nineteenth century European precursors. This article argues that the Eurocentric theoretical orientation dominating Central American social sciences ignores the fact that the relation between time and space that conditioned the evolution of Europe is qualitatively different from that which has influenced the political evolution of Central America since 1492.
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The history of the social stratification of Latin America
Author: Enzo FalettoSociology’s contribution to our understanding of the Latin American development process has been closely linked to studies on the social structure and stratification of the region and to analyses and interpretations of the various social groups’ characters and behaviour.
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Socio-economic structure and collective behaviour
Author: Rodrigo BañoThis article provides an overview of a number of changes that have taken place in the region’s economy, together with their effects in terms of its social stratification, and analyses the different social sectors’ options for political action. A series of economic changes have altered both the traditional heterogeneity of the Latin American economy and the relative weight of its various sectors; this is reflected, for example, In the heightened importance of agribusiness and the reciprocal penetration of the services and production sectors.
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