Economic and Social Development
为子孙后代思考并采取行动
Mar 2023
Working Paper
本政策简报提议采取一些实际步骤,以履行我们的长期承诺,在满足当前需要的同时,保障子孙后代的利益,并维护他们切实享受所有人权的能力。这些措施包括: (a) 设立在全球层面为子孙后代发声的特使; (b) 更好地利用预见、科学和数据; (c) 发表一项界定和具体说明我们对子孙后代的责任的宣言; (d) 设立一个专门的政府间论坛,以推动该宣言的落实工作并分享最佳做法。 这些提议是在《我们的共同议程》以及随后的政府间和多利益攸关方协商基础上提出的。协商成果反映在斐济和荷兰常驻联合国代表团编写的“子孙后代问题宣言要点文件”1当中。简报回应了会员国在协商期间提出的问题,包括如何定义子孙后代,如何平衡我们对子孙后代的承诺与我们对当代人的责任,各项提议如何推进我们在可持续发展、性别平等和人权方面的现有目标,以及建议未来峰会就此问题取得哪些成果。 这些提议依据一个简单的逻辑。我们为子孙后代所做的,也是我们需要为自己所做的,那就是要比现在更加认真地对待未来的挑战和机遇。我们知道,我们能够采取有远见的集体行动,恢复臭氧层的成功努力就是明证。另一方面,如果我们当初采取了更认真的行动,限制全球气温上升或投资于大流行病防范,我们今天本将更接近于实现可持续发展目标。满足当前的需要和考虑未来的需要这两者之间,并不存在取舍。相反, 如果不从长远角度考虑,解决当前的问题就无从谈起。2有意识地努力谋未来之计,将使所有世代获益。
Public Payment Systems in the Digital Era: Responding to the Financial Stability and Security-related Risks of Cryptocurrencies
Jun 2022
Working Paper
The digital era is leading to many changes in the payment system landscape, some of which threaten monetary stability and security in developing countries. To ensure that payment systems function as a public good, monetary authorities should carefully consider the implementation of a central bank digital currency. Depending on national capabilities and needs, and the challenges of creating such a currency, authorities could alternatively create a fast retail payment system. Moreover, given the risk of accentuating the digital divide in developing countries, authorities should maintain the issuance and distribution of cash.
Industrial Hemp: An Old Crop in a Modern Era
Jun 2023
Working Paper
Climate change and its impacts on the daily lives of billions of people require innovative actions. One potential component of such initiatives could be to advocate for and foster an industrial hemp sector, for exploitation and valorization based on a “whole plant” approach that uses all parts of the plant. Such exploitation could be achieved in most regions of the world, and the whole plant approach would help promote the establishment of various production chains. As discussed in this policy brief, industrial hemp value chains have the potential to be carbon negative and ecologically sustainable and can therefore effectively supplement strategies for sustainable development and the transition to clean energy. Practical experiences worldwide highlight the need for Governments to establish a regulatory and institutional framework supporting the exploitation of all parts of the industrial hemp plant. In this regard, the categorization of industrial hemp as an agricultural commodity subject to regulatory oversight by an agricultural department, as in many member countries of the European Union, rather than a controlled substance, as in Malawi and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, is of paramount importance.
Усиление международного реагирования на сложные глобальные потрясения – экстренная платформа
Mar 2023
Working Paper
Цель настоящей концептуальной записки — доработать предложение о создании Чрез¬вычайной платформы для принятия мер реагирования на комплексные глобальные потрясения с учетом отзывов, полученных от государств-членов и других соответст- вующих партнеров. Чрезвычайная платфор¬ма задумывается не в качестве постоянного органа или постоянной структуры, а как на¬бор протоколов, которые могут быть активи¬рованы в случае необходимости. В записке дано краткое описание некоторых характери¬стик глобальных потрясений, произошедших в XXI веке, и некоторых рисков, с которыми мы можем столкнуться в будущем. Особое внимание в ней уделено тому, каким образом такие потрясения могут подорвать прогресс в достижении целей в области устойчивого развития и реализации Повестки дня на период до 2030 года, а также в деле осуществле¬ния прав человека и обеспечения гендерного равенства. В ней отражен опыт, полученный в ходе принятия мер реагирования на недав¬ние комплексные глобальные потрясения, и изложены предложения по укреплению меж-дународных мер реагирования на комплекс¬ные глобальные потрясения путем созыва Чрезвычайной платформы. Наконец, в ней предлагаются рекомендации о том, каким образом эти предложения могут быть отра¬жены в Пакте во имя будущего.
Multidimensional Vulnerability and Sovereign Debt
Aug 2022
Working Paper
Lack of fiscal space and the risk of sovereign debt distress remain key stumbling blocks to achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in developing countries. Because the allocation of concessional funds and debt relief is essentially reserved to Low Income countries (LICs), official financing strategies and mechanisms to support developing countries provide insufficient support to non-LICs that may need and deserve special consideration concerning official financing. This paper discusses how official financial support allocation could consider countries’ vulnerabilities in critical dimensions, with special reference to Small Island Developing States (SIDS). It explores how a multidimensional vulnerability indexes (MVI) could be used to expand the access of vulnerable countries to official financing, including concessional financing, and facilitate constructive debt restructuring when they need it.
Moving Fast With Frontier Technologies
Jun 2023
Working Paper
In the last two decades, the use of frontier technologies such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of things and energy from renewable sources has undergone significant growth, and this trend is expected to continue. However, there is still considerable concentration in these markets. The leading frontier technology providers are mostly firms from China, the United States of America and a few other developed countries, with little participation from developing countries. The same pattern is observed with regard to knowledge generation and trade. Governments of developing countries should take proactive action to increase preparedness to use, adopt and adapt such technologies and to take up the economic opportunities linked to them. Some of the challenges associated with the adoption of new technologies in developing countries are addressed in this policy brief, and some policy recommendations are proposed.
Réfléchir et agir pour les générations futures
Mar 2023
Working Paper
La présente note d’orientation propose une série de mesures pratiques visant à honorer un engagement de longue date, celui de répondre aux exigences du présent tout en sauvegardant les intérêts des générations futures et en préservant leur capacité d’exercer effectivement leurs droits humains. Ces mesures sont les suivantes : la désignation d’un(e) envoyé(e) pour donner une voix aux générations futures à l’échelle mondiale; l’amélioration de l’utilisation de la prospective, de la science et des données; l’adoption d’une déclaration pour définir nos devoirs envers les générations futures et en donner une traduction concrète; et la création d’une instance intergouvernementale spéciale chargée de faire avancer la mise en oeuvre de la déclaration et de mettre en commun les meilleures pratiques. Ces propositions s’inscrivent dans le prolongement de Notre Programme commun et dans la continuité des consultations intergouvernementales et multipartites qui ont été menées par la suite et dont il est rendu compte dans la « Note relative aux éléments à faire figurer dans la déclaration sur les générations futures », établie par les Missions permanentes des Fidji et des Pays-Bas auprès de l’Organisation des Nations Unies. La présente note vise à apporter une réponse aux questions soulevées par les États Membres lors des consultations, notamment celles de savoir quelle définition donner à l’expression « générations futures », comment concilier nos engagements vis-à-vis des générations futures et nos devoirs envers les générations actuelles, en quoi les mesures proposées peuvent faire progresser la réalisation de nos objectifs actuels en matière de développement durable, de genre et de droits humains, et sur quoi devrait déboucher le Sommet de l’avenir en la matière.
Reforzar la respuesta internacional en caso de crisis mundiales complejas – Una Plataforma de Emergencia
Mar 2023
Working Paper
El objetivo de este informe de políticas es elaborar la propuesta sobre la Plataforma de Emergencia que permita responder en caso de crisis mundial compleja, incorporando los comentarios recibidos de los Estados Miembros y otros socios pertinentes. La Plataforma de Emergencia no sería un órgano o entidad permanente, sino un conjunto de protocolos que podrían activarse en caso necesario. En el informe se exponen brevemente algunas de las características de las crisis mundiales del siglo XXI y algunos de los riesgos a los que podríamos enfrentarnos. Se destaca cómo las crisis podrían menoscabar los progresos hacia la consecución de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible y de la Agenda 2030, así como de los derechos humanos y la igualdad de género. Se reflexiona sobre las lecciones extraídas de la respuesta a recientes crisis mundiales complejas y se presentan propuestas para reforzar la respuesta internacional a una crisis mundial compleja organizando una Plataforma de Emergencia. Por último, se ofrecen recomendaciones sobre cómo llevar esas propuestas más lejos en el Pacto para el Futuro.
全球数字契约——人人开放、自由和安全的数字未来
May 2023
Working Paper
本简报建议制定一项《全球数字契约》,为推进开放、自由、安全、以人为本的数字未来制定原则、目标和行动,这种未来以普遍人权为基础,使实现可持续发展目标成为可能。简报概述了迫切需要多利益攸关方数字合作的领域,并阐述了《全球数字契约》如何通过提供包容性的全球框架,促进实现纪念联合国成立七十五周年宣言(大会第75/1 号决议)中关于“勾画数字合作共同愿景” 的承诺。这样一个框架至关重要,以采取多利益攸关方行动来克服数字、数据和创新鸿沟,并实现可持续数字未来所需的治理。
African Continental Free Trade Area: Design of Dispute Settlement Mechanism Should Reflect Preferences and Realities of All Its Member States
Jan 2023
Working Paper
The African Continental Free Trade Area is set to promote structural transformation in States parties, in addition to strengthening sustainable and inclusive socioeconomic development and improving gender equality. However, to achieve the desired outcomes and maximize benefits, it is imperative for implementation to be undertaken carefully, with strong and appropriate institutions underpinning the process. A key aspect of any trade agreement involving different parties is the dispute settlement mechanism, aimed at fostering trust, accountability and the rule of law in operationalizing the agreement. UNCTAD, in this policy brief, analyses the framework of the dispute settlement mechanism under the African Continental Free Trade Area Agreement by comparing it with other dispute settlement mechanisms under regional economic communities and the World Trade Organization, with a focus on challenges. In addition, recommendations are made for enhancing the dispute settlement mechanism, to ensure that it is more accessible and aligned with the preferences of member States of the African Continental Free Trade Area.
إضفاء القيمة على الأشياء ذات الأهمية: إطار عمل لتجاوز الناتج المحلي الإجمالي
May 2023
Working Paper
وقد أقُرَّ في خطة التنمية المستدامة لعام 2030 وفي تقريري المعنون “خطتنا المشتركة” بوجود مفارقة ضارة في صلب عملية صوغ السياسات على الصعيد العالمي، وهي أن نماذجنا ومقاييسنا الاقتصادية تتجاهل العديد من الجوانب التي تحافظ على الحياة وتسهم في رفاه الإنسان، وتمعن في الوقت ذاته وعلى نحو غير سليم في إضفاء قيمة مفرطة على الأنشطة التي تستنزف الكوكب. والقصد من وراء المقترحات المعروضة في هذا الموجز السياساتي ليس هو الاستعاضة عن الناتج المحلي الإجمالي وإنما هو رسم مسار لوضع مقاييس تكميلية تركز تركيزا أكمل على الجوانب التي تنطوي على أهمية بالنسبة إلى الناس والكوكب والمستقبل.
Un Pacte numérique mondial – un avenir numérique ouvert, libre et sûr pour tout le monde
May 2023
Working Paper
La présente note porte sur l’établissement d’un Pacte numérique mondial qui définirait des prin¬cipes, des objectifs et des actions visant à promou¬voir un avenir numérique ouvert, libre, sûr et centré sur l’être humain, ancré dans les droits humains universels et permettant d’atteindre les objectifs de développement durable. Elle indique les domaines dans lesquels il importe d’établir une coopéra¬tion multipartite dans le domaine du numérique et expose en quoi un Pacte numérique mondial peut aider à concrétiser l’engagement pris dans la dé¬claration faite à l’occasion de la célébration du soixante-quinzième anniversaire de l’Organisation des Nations Unies (résolution 75/1 de l’Assemblée générale), à savoir élaborer « une vision commune en ce qui concerne la coopération numérique » au moyen d’un cadre mondial inclusif. Un tel cadre est essentiel pour que l’on puisse mener une action multipartite et combler les fossés existant dans les domaines du numérique, des données et de l’innovation, et mettre en place une gouvernance indispensable à un avenir numérique durable.
青年有意义地参与政策制定和决策过程
Apr 2023
Working Paper
当今世界拥有实现《2030年可持续发展议 程》承诺所需的知识和资源。但是,如果没有 广泛行为体的支持和贡献,以所需的规模实 现转型性变革是根本不可能的。对于生活在 当今世界中的12亿青年人来说尤其如此。青年是找到新解决办法、确保实现我们世界 所迫切需要的突破的关键。作为地球未来 的守护者,如果社会变得更加不安全和不平 等,如果地球三大危机继续有增无减,他们 也将遭受最大的损失。近年来,青年人通过 社会动员成为社会变革的推动力,包括推动 气候行动、寻求种族正义、促进性别平等和 要求人人享有尊严。青年人在商业、技术和 科学等众多领域推动创新变革的例子也不胜 枚举。
Climate-resilience of Seaports: Adequate Finance is Critical for Developing Countries but Remains a Major Challenge
Jul 2022
Working Paper
Climate change impacts on seaports can result in significant and costly damage, operational disruption and delay across global supply chains, with important implications for international trade and the sustainable development prospects of the most vulnerable countries. Timely and effective action on adaptation is a matter of growing urgency. Major scaling up of capacity-building and finance will be critical for developing countries, and time is of the essence.
Ценим то, что имеет значение: основа для достижения прогресса за пределами валового внутреннего продукта
May 2023
Working Paper
В Повестке дня в области устойчивого развития на период до 2030 года и в «Нашей общей повестке дня» отмечается, что в основе глобального формирования политики лежит вредный анахронизм, который заключается в том, что в наших экономических моделях и параметрах упускаются из виду многие аспекты, поддерживающие жизнь и способствующие обеспечению благосостояния людей, и в то же время придается аномально и несоразмерно высокая значимость деятельности, истощающей планету. Цель предложений, представленных в настоящей концептуальной записке, состоит не в том, чтобы заменить валовой внутренний продукт, а в том, чтобы наметить путь к разработке дополнительных показателей, которые в более полной мере учитывают то, что важно для людей, для планеты и для будущего.
Unrealized Potential: Female Entrepreneurship and the Digital Gender Gap in Sub-Saharan Africa
Aug 2023
Working Paper
Promoting entrepreneurship, technology adoption, and gender equality is essential for economic growth. However, women still face significant hurdles in Africa, hindering their entrepreneurial pursuits. To overcome this, gender inclusive institutions are needed. This article focuses on challenges women encounter in entrepreneurship, including market systems favouring men and the widening digital gender gap in sub-Saharan Africa. Recommendations are provided to empower women through entrepreneurship, employment and digitalization, fostering a more equal economy and improved socio-economic conditions.
The Human Cost of Inaction: Poverty, Social Protection and Debt Servicing, 2020–2023
Jul 2023
Working Paper
Twenty-five developing economies, the highest number since 2000, spent over 20 percent of their government revenues in 2022 on total external debt servicing. The average low-income country spends about 2.3 times more on interest payments than on social assistance. Due to the economic shocks during 2020-2023, we project that 165 million people fell into poverty using the $3.65-a-day poverty line—the entirety of those living in low- and lower-middle-income economies. A pause in debt payments would allow developing economies weighed down by debt to mitigate some social effects of these shocks, using resources earmarked for debt servicing. This policy brief presents simulations that show that the annual cost of mitigating the additional 165 million poor would reach US$14.24 billion, or 0.009 percent of global GDP and a little less than 4 percent of total public external debt service in 2022—if the income losses among the already poor prior to the shocks are also included, the mitigation cost would reach US$107.11 billion, or 0.065 percent of the world’s GDP and around a fourth of total external public debt service.
Durable Transformation and Structural Changes for Gender Equality Through PFMS and Budgetary Circles
Jun 2023
Working Paper
This paper showcases how a model that uses gender-responsive budgeting as a tool to promote gender equality, developed in the context of the Programme for Consolidating Economic Governance and PFMS in the PALOP-TL countries, Pro PALOP-TL SAI, leads to transformational and structural changes in PFMS and, consequently, results in more gender-equal economies and gender equality in the referenced countries (and could also be applied to other countries or at regional/global levels).
Eldercare Policies in East Asia and Europe
Dec 2017
Working Paper
Adequate and dignified care provision for elderly populations is becoming an urgent policy issue, not only in high-income countries, but also in many middle- and low-income ones. This discussion paper documents and analyses varieties of eldercare policies, and their readjustments, in East Asia and Europe.
Falling Through The Net?
Sep 2015
Working Paper
This paper analyzes the gender dimensions of social protection in three countries in the Pacific region – Papua New Guinea, Tonga and Vanuatu – and explores how best to approach social protection so as to promote gender equality rather than risk reinscribing prevailing gender inequalities. It was produced for UN Women’s flagship report Progress of the World’s Women 2015-2016 to be released as part of the UN Women discussion paper series.
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