Migration
Misinformation and Migration During the COVID-19 Pandemic: From the Migrant Caravan in Honduras to the Filipino Diaspora
Authored by Ruth A. de Frutos García this Migration Research Series paper explores the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on misinformation related to migration and migrants through two case studies: that of the migrant caravan in Honduras that took place in 2020 and that of the Filipino diaspora. The paper relies on a social media analysis of different types of misinformation related to these two case studies during the first eight months of the pandemic, from March to December 2020. In this view, the paper critically examines the social media accounts of two media outlets and presents findings from semi-structured interviews carried out with journalists in Honduras and the Philippines.
Repatriating Filipino Migrant Workers in the Time of the Pandemic
Authored by Maruja M.B. Asis, this Migration Research Series paper provides an overview of the repatriation of overseas Filipino workers under the COVID-19 pandemic. While noting the Philippines' good practices and guidelines that have helped the Government to respond to crisis situations in the past, the paper explores the unprecedented and enormous challenges so far encountered and highlights emerging good practices for repatriation, including the role of technology.
Exploring the Climate Change–conflict–mobility Nexus
Authored by Sarah Zingg, this Migration Research Series paper aims to improve the understanding of the interlinkages between climate change and conflict by providing a synthesis analysis of research on the topic. It more particularly explores four main factors identified as mechanisms through which climate change affects violent conflict, including increased migration and changing pastoral mobility patterns. The paper then provides some conclusions drawing from the findings of existing research, as well as policy and programmatic implications for peacebuilding, community stabilization and disaster risk reduction interventions.
Stigma and Empowerment: A Qualitative Study on Nepalese Women and Labour Migration
Authored by Niva Shrestha, Joelle Mak and Cathy Zimmerman, this Migration Research Series paper explores the concepts of stigma and empowerment through the perceptions and experiences of 55 prospective Nepalese women labour migrants. The results of this qualitative study show that migration can empower women labour migrants gaining access to human and economic resources, by exercising agency through decision-making and, through this, achieving self-worth. But the associated stigma also disempowers them with experiences they face from themselves, their families, communities and the institutions around them. To foster the positive aspects of labour migration of women, interventions are needed to challenge the social and cultural structures that perpetuate gender inequalities and lead to stigmatization of migrant women.
International Dialogue on Migration No. 36
Think About Tomorrow, Act Today: The Future of Human Mobility and Climate Change
The global response to climate change and human mobility is at a crossroads and it is imperative that climate mobility assumes a paramount position on the political agenda. The direct impact of slow-onset climate changes, such as lower crop productivity, could lead to the internal climate migration of up to 216 million people by 2050, across all six regions. As noted by the 2021 Groundswell report, “it’s important to note that this projection is not cast in stone. If countries start now to reduce greenhouse gases, close development gaps, restore vital ecosystems, and help people adapt, internal climate migration could be reduced by up to 80 per cent – to 44 million people by 2050.” According to the World Disasters Report 2020, an estimated 200 million people per year could require humanitarian assistance by 2050 due to the combined effects of climate-related disasters and the socioeconomic impacts of climate change. Also, data from the UNDRR Global Assessment Report 2022 indicate that “If current trends continue, the number of disasters per year globally may increase to 560 per year by 2030 – a projected increase of 40% during the lifetime of the Sendai Framework.”
Community Stabilization – An Approach for Facilitating Progress Towards Durable Solutions and Operationalizing the Humanitarian–Development–Peace Nexus: Lessons from Zimbabwe, Ethiopia and Somalia
Authored by Sam Grundy and Sarah Zingg, this Migration Research Series paper discusses the role of the community stabilization approach to transition away from humanitarian crises in order to lay the ground for attaining durable solutions for displaced persons and, ultimately, operationalize the humanitarian–development–peace nexus. The paper focuses on the multidimensional destabilizing impacts of displacement crises and the factors limiting opportunities for communities to transition away from acute vulnerability and aid dependence, and defines the community stabilization approach as a means to overcome these challenges. It then presents the community stabilization core programming principles framed through a community-based planning methodology – a practical community-driven, local government-led process intended to support the transition of impacted communities from displacement crises through improved stability – drawing on examples from Zimbabwe, Somalia and Ethiopia.
Searching for Clarity: Defining and Mapping Youth Migration
Authored by Martina Belmonte and Simon McMahon, this Migration Research Series paper offers a review of the available evidence and data on youth migration in order to take a step towards greater clarity in research and policymaking. A review of the available research on youth migration is undertaken with a view to setting out its main characteristics and drivers before turning to a mapping of migration of young people around the world in light of available data. The conclusions summarize the main characteristics of youth migration, looking into future scenarios and paving the way for further research.
Immobility as the Ultimate “Migration Disrupter”
An Initial Analysis of COVID-19 Impacts Through the Prism of Securitization
In this Migration Research Series paper, Marie McAuliffe examines the widespread and unprecedented imposition of movement restrictions by governments in an attempt to limit COVID-19 transmission and infection, with particular reference to the ongoing securitization of migration. In the current context of growing misinformation, increasing unilateral “strongman” politics, and massive technological change, she offers an initial reflection as to whether extraordinary measures are likely to become ordinary, and the implications for human rights and mobility, before then discussing the need to re-think and de-link migration and mobility with reference to the opportunities and challenges presented by COVID-19.
The War in Ukraine and the Potential of Facebook’s Social Connectedness Index to Anticipate Human Displacement
Authored by Umberto Minora, Martina Belmonte, Claudio Bosco, Drew Johnston, Eugenia Giraudy, Stefano M. Iacus and Francesco Sermi, this Migration Research Series paper highlights the importance of anticipating conflict-induced migration flows through innovative data from social media to support national and local authorities in terms of reception and integration. The paper explores the potential of Facebook’s Social Connectedness Index for predicting migration flows in the context of the war in Ukraine, building on previous research findings that the presence of a diaspora network is one of the major migration drivers. Results suggest that the index, along with other readily available covariates, is a strong predictor of the Ukrainian diaspora at regional scale.
A Reset for Overseas Migration? Recent Developments in Filipinos’ Migration in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authored by Jeremaiah M. Opiniano, this Migration Research Series paper explores some of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Filipino overseas migrants and the responses and measures adopted by the Philippines in 2020. It reviews the main implications and challenges that were raised by the pandemic between 25 March 2020 and 24 March 2021, from issues concerning repatriations and returns, to decreasing overseas employment and the impact on international remittances.
Attitudes to Immigration in the Arab World: Explaining an Overlooked Anomaly
Authored by James Dennison and Mohamed Nasr, this Migration Research Series paper explores public attitudes to immigration in the Arab world and considers their effects on migration policies in the region. Using quantitative data from across the Arabic-speaking world, the paper first examines the relationship between attitudes to immigration and a number of sociodemographic and attitudinal variables. It then analyses the salience – or importance – of immigration as an issue in the region before probing the key determinants of migration policy change, which include public opinion, in four main countries.
Migrants and the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Initial Analysis
Authored by Lorenzo Guadagno, this Migration Research Series paper offers an initial analysis of the specific ways migrants have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. It also presents the diverse measures which have been adopted in receiving and origin countries to prevent, mitigate and address the negative impacts of the pandemic. Its objective is to provide insights for more inclusive and effective COVID-19 responses as the pandemic unfolds to ensure that migrants are duly included.
Introduction to Putting Family First: Migration and Integration in Canada
Authored by Harald Bauder, Mehrunnisa Ahmad Ali and John Shields, this publication in the Migration Research Series is the introduction to the book, Putting Family First: Migration and Integration in Canada, edited by Harald Bauder and published by UBC Press in May 2019. The publication explores how migrant families settle and integrate into Canadian society and navigate, challenge, transform or reproduce presumed boundaries associated with gender, race, ethnicity, sexuality, family, community and nation. Introduction to Putting Family First: Migration and Integration in Canada examines how the family context can be mobilized to facilitate the successful integration of migrants and gives voices to migrant families and communities.
Return Migration Governance in India during COVID-19
Authored by S. Irudaya Rajan, this Migration Research Series paper explores the impact of COVID-19 on the return migration of international and internal Indian migrants. The paper provides an overview of return migration dynamics in India and the various vulnerabilities of Indian migrants that were exacerbated during the pandemic. The paper examines the programmes and policies that supported the reintegration of migrants and makes suggestions for reintegration measures that go beyond the COVID-19 pandemic to consider not only economic reintegration but also the social and psychological experiences of return migrants.
Diálogo Internacional sobre la Migración Nº 31
Impulsar la acción integrada en materia de desarrollo sostenible: Migración, medio ambiente y cambio climático
El cambio climático y la degradación medioambiental —cuyos efectos sobre la migración, la salud, la paz y el desarrollo sostenible ya son manifiestos en todas las regiones del mundo— son, sin lugar a duda, motivos de gran preocupación. En 2011 se celebró la primera sesión del Diálogo Internacional sobre la Migración consagrada al nexo emergente entre la migración, el medio ambiente y el cambio climático. Diez años después, la OIM volvió a incluir este tema fundamental en su programa, en un contexto de creciente apremio político, y en vista de las profundas repercusiones de la crisis sanitaria mundial de la enfermedad coronavírica de 2019 (COVID-19), que vinculan la temática del clima y la migración con las preocupaciones de desarrollo actuales y futuras. En la presente publicación se resumen las deliberaciones de la sesión del Diálogo. También se recopilan las experiencias, las prácticas óptimas, las enseñanzas extraídas y las recomendaciones formuladas para promover una acción integrada en materia de migración, medio ambiente y cambio climático, y apoyar los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS).
Violence Against Children on the Move
From a Continuum of Violence to a Continuum of Protection
Every minute, 20 people – many of them children – are forced from their homes by violence, persecution or conflict. While children account for less than one third of the global population, they make up more than half of today’s refugees worldwide. This publication explores the multitude of ways in which children on the move are being left behind, their human rights denied and basic needs unmet. For these children, the vision of the 2030 Agenda of a world free from fear and violence is merely a distant illusion. But given their devastating daily realities, children are willing to risk uncertain and perilous journeys in search of safety and security. Too often the risks are far more dangerous than they could imagine, as their journeys leave them vulnerable to exploitation by human traffickers and other criminals and frequent hostility from the communities they encounter along the way.
Дослідження щодо торгівлі людьми та незаконного ввезення мігрантів у контексті переміщення, спричиненого війною в україні
Війна в Україні призвела до того, що з лютого 2022 року мільйони людей були переміщені як всередині країни, так і за її межами. У цьому дослідженні UNODC, започаткованому в лютому 2025 року, вивчаються ризики та поширеність торгівлі людьми та незаконного ввезення мігрантів у контексті переміщення, спричиненого конфліктом в Україні, а також наслідки для політики та практики. Дослідження аналізує еволюцію торгівлі людьми та незаконного переміщення мігрантів протягом 2022–2024 років на основі відповідної літератури, статистики, опитування понад 1600 українців і неукраїнців, переміщених з України у 2023 році, та опитувань ключових інформаторів в Україні, Німеччині, Польщі та Швейцарії. Дослідження показує, що на момент публікації кількість випадків незаконного ввезення мігрантів і торгівлі людьми в контексті переміщення залишається відносно низькою. Реакція на біженців у Європі – збереження безвізового режиму в’їзду для біженців з України та сприяння швидкому доступу до тимчасового захисту чи еквівалентного легального статусу проживання – значною мірою запобігла незаконному перевезенню мігрантів у ситуації, коли понад 6,7 мільйонів людей з України шукали притулку за кордоном.
Key Insights from Route-based Research Along the Main Migratory Routes in East and Horn of Africa
This publication presents the main findings from five years of route-based research on migration in the East and Horn of Africa (EHoA), focusing on the region’s three main interregional routes. These include the Eastern Route, from the Horn of Africa to the Arabian Peninsula; the Northern Route, from the Horn of Africa and the Sudan towards North Africa and Europe; and the Southern Route, from the Horn of Africa to Southern Africa. Through 10 key messages, this report provides an accessible overview of migration dynamics, offering valuable insights into the complexities of movements from the region and serving as an entry point for understanding the challenges, drivers and patterns shaping migration in the EHoA.
Migration in the Context of Climate and Environmental Changes within Central Asia and to the European Union and the Russian Federation
This report focuses on the intersection of climate and environmental changes with movements within Central Asia as well as from Central Asia to the European Union and the Russian Federation. The report contributes to a growing body of literature on the matter, including movements affected by the slow- and sudden-onset impacts of climate change. The report identifies new trends in migration affecting the European Union and Central Asia and discusses the current state of legal and policy responses to these movements. It helps countries in the European Union and Central Asia fulfil commitments made in the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration related to understanding the drivers of migration in the context of climate and environmental changes. The recommendations made in the report should also help European and Central Asian governments to develop policies that will enable them to respond to these movements more effectively.
Informe sobre las Migraciones en el Mundo 2024
La OIM lleva publicando este tipo de informes desde el año 2000. El Informe sobre las Migraciones en el Mundo 2024, es el duodécimo de la serie y fue producido con el objetivo de fomentar una mayor comprensión de la migración y la movilidad en todo el mundo. Esta nueva edición presenta datos e información fundamentales sobre la migración, y capítulos temáticos sobre cuestiones de migración de interés actual. Su estructura ha sido adaptada para centrar su atención en dos contribuciones fundamentales para los lectores: la parte I: contiene información fundamental sobre la migración y los migrantes (incluyendo estadísticas sobre migración); y la parte II: proporciona un análisis equilibrado y empírico sobre cuestiones complejas y emergentes relativas a la migración. El Informe sobre las Migraciones en el Mundo, la publicación emblemática de la OIM, se ha elaborado en consonancia con la política de OIM en favor del medio ambiente y solo podrá consultarse en línea. Por consiguiente, no existe en su versión impresa para así reducir las incidencias en materia de consumo de papel, imprenta y transporte.
Asia–Pacific Migration Data Report 2023
The Asia–Pacific Migration Data Report 2023 is the fourth edition of the annual flagship publication series by the IOM Regional Data Hub for Asia and the Pacific. The report provides data-driven insights into key migration trends in 2023, drawing on the latest available data and information from diverse international, regional and national sources. Structured around six thematic pillars – Migration Overview, Types of Migration, Migration Policy, Migration and Vulnerability, Migration and Development and Migration and Innovation – the report aims to foster a nuanced understanding of the migration dynamics in the region. This new edition contributes to supporting evidence-informed policy and programmatic actions towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration, in alignment with the IOM strategic priorities of saving lives and protecting people on the move, driving solutions to displacement, and facilitating pathways for regular migration.
Dialogue international sur la migration No 36
Pensons à demain, agissons aujourd’hui : le futur de la mobilité humaine dans le contexte du changement climatique
La réponse internationale aux défis du changement climatique et de la mobilité humaine se trouve à la croisée des chemins. Il est impératif de faire figurer la mobilité climatique au premier plan des préoccupations politiques. Les conséquences directes des changements climatiques à évolution lente, tels que la baisse de la productivité agricole, pourraient provoquer la migration interne de quelque 216 millions de personnes à l’horizon 2050, et ce, dans six régions. Néanmoins, comme le dit bien le rapport Groundswell de 2021, il est important de noter que ces projections ne sont pas définitives. Si les pays commencent dès aujourd’hui à réduire leurs émissions de gaz à effet de serre, à combler les lacunes de développement, à restaurer les écosystèmes vitaux et à aider les populations à s’adapter, le nombre de migrations climatiques internes pourrait être réduit de 80 %, pour atteindre les 44 millions de personnes d’ici à 2050. Selon le Rapport sur les catastrophes dans le monde 2020, quelque 200 millions de personnes par an auront besoin d’une assistance humanitaire à l’horizon 2050, en raison des effets combinés des catastrophes climatiques et des répercussions socio-économiques du changement climatique. De même, le Bilan mondial sur la réduction des risques de catastrophe publié en 2022 indique que « si les tendances actuelles se maintiennent, le nombre de catastrophes annuelles dans le monde pourrait passer d’environ 400 en 2015 à 560 d’ici 2030, soit une augmentation de 40 % sur la durée de vie du Cadre de Sendai ».
Study on Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants in the Context of the Displacement caused by the War in Ukraine
The war in Ukraine has resulted in millions of people being displaced internally and outside the country since February 2022. This UNODC study, launched in February 2025, examines the risks and incidence of trafficking in persons and smuggling of migrants in the context of the displacement caused by the conflict in Ukraine, and the implications for policy and practice. The research analyses the evolution of trafficking in persons and smuggling of migrants during the years 2022 to 2024, based on relevant literature, statistics, a survey in 2023 of over 1,600 Ukrainians and non-Ukrainians displaced from Ukraine and key informant interviews in Ukraine, Germany, Poland and Switzerland. The study finds that the incidence of smuggling of migrants and trafficking in persons in the context of the displacement remain relatively low as of the time of publication. The refugee response in Europe – maintaining visa-free entry for refugees from Ukraine and facilitating rapid access to temporary protection or equivalent legal residence statuses – largely prevented smuggling of migrants, in a situation where over 6.7 million people from Ukraine sought refuge abroad.
État de la migration dans le monde 2024
La série des rapports de l’OIM sur l’état de la migration dans le monde existe depuis 2000. Le Rapport État de la migration dans le monde 2024, le douzième de la série, a vocation à faire mieux comprendre le phénomène migratoire partout dans le monde. Il présente des données et des informations clés sur la migration et comporte des chapitres thématiques sur des questions migratoires actuelles. Il s’articule autour de deux parties : la partie I, qui fournit des informations clés sur la migration et les migrants (y compris des statistiques relatives à la migration) ; et la partie II, qui propose une analyse équilibrée et fondée sur des éléments factuels de questions migratoires complexes et émergentes. Cette édition du Rapport État de la migration dans le monde, la publication phare de l’OIM, a été produite conformément à la politique de l’environnement de l’OIM et n’est disponible qu’en ligne. Dans un souci de réduction de l’empreinte écologique de la consommation de papier, de l’impression et du transport, aucun exemplaire papier n’a été imprimé.
Housing for Migrants and Refugees in the UNECE Region
Challenges and Practices
The Housing Migrants Study examines current challenges and practices, and through a compendium of best practices, it illustrates that housing for migrants can positively impact the market and facilitate the integration of migrants. Indeed, housing holds a fundamental role in the integrative process of migrants as location, accessibility and affordability significantly determines their opportunities and life chance in the city. Further, this study highlights the key role of cities and local administrations as well as the need to further coordinate policies, programmes and actions from across different sectors and levels of government.
Доклад о миграции в мире 2020
Начиная с 2000 года МОМ составляет доклады о миграции в мире. Доклад о миграции в мире 2020 года, десятый в серии докладов о миграции в мире, был подготовлен для того, чтобы способствовать углублению понимания миграции повсюду в мире. В этом новом издании представлены основные данные и информация о миграции, а также тематические главы по наиболее актуальным вопросам миграции, и оно построено таким образом, чтобы сосредоточить внимание на двух ключевых материалах для читателей: часть I - основная информация о миграции и мигрантах (включая статистику, связанную с миграцией); и часть II – сбалансированный и основанный на фактах анализ сложных и вновь возникающих проблем миграции.
Доклад о миграции в мире 2022
Начиная с 2000 года МОМ каждые два года выпускает свои флагманские доклады о миграции в мире. Доклад о миграции в мире 2022 года, одиннадцатый в серии докладов о миграции в мире, был подготовлен для того, чтобы способствовать углублению понимания миграции и мобильности во всем мире. В этом новом издании представлены основные данные и информация о миграции, а также тематические главы по наиболее актуальным вопросам миграции, и оно построено таким образом, чтобы сосредоточить внимание читателей на двух ключевых материалах: Часть I: основная информация о миграции и мигрантах (включая статистику, связанную с миграцией); и Часть II: сбалансированный и основанный на фактах анализ сложных и вновь возникающих проблем миграции.
Refugees From Ukraine in Lithuania and the Lithuanian Labour Market: A Preliminary Assessment
Authored by Vytenis Juozas Deimantas and Aslı Ebru Şanlıtürk, this Migration Research Series paper focuses on the arrival of refugees from Ukraine on the labour market in Lithuania. The paper examines the distribution of refugees from Ukraine across countries of Lithuania, analyses the unemployment rates in Lithuania by gender, and explores how online job advertisements in Lithuania may or may not be accommodating to refugees from Ukraine. The authors reflect on policymaking efforts that would accommodate both local and refugee populations in the labour market.
Who Are Climate Migrants?
A Global Analysis of the Profiles of Communities Affected by Weather-related Internal Displacements
Weather-related hazards have become a major driver of human mobility worldwide. Over recent decades, disasters, such as floods, storms, wildfires and droughts have displaced hundreds of millions of people, with substantial variation across both geographical areas and types of climate hazards. While global estimates of displacement numbers by hazard type and region are well-established, a significant gap remains in the availability of disaggregated data on key variables – such as age, sex and income – for the populations impacted by these events. This paper aims to bridge this critical knowledge gap by providing detailed estimates of the demographic, socioeconomic and geographical profiles of populations in areas impacted by weather-related displacements worldwide.
Migration Governance Insights on Regular Pathways
Delivering on the Promise of Migration
Regular pathways are essential to realizing the promise of migration. These pathways are the legal and policy frameworks that enable people to move to, enter, stay in, exit or re-enter States along their migration journey in an authorized manner. The impacts of migration depend on where and how people migrate, which in turn depend largely on the options available to them. More and better opportunities for people to move in a regular way are key to realizing the promise of migration. This publication, based on the Migration Governance Indicators (MGI) data from 100 national and 69 local-level assessments conducted between 2016 and 2023, provides insights into what pathways for regular migration look like around the world. It showcases examples of relevant policies at different stages of the migration continuum and across a range of contexts. The report also explores how different enabling factors can support effective and impactful pathways, and which scaling mechanisms can expand existing pathways, and assesses the potential benefits of regular pathways for migrants and countries of origin and destination. Regular pathways are highly diverse and can be characterized in different ways. In this publication, the focus is on the purpose of migration facilitated by a given pathway. Four main reasons for migration are analysed, recognizing that these are not exhaustive or mutually exclusive, as individuals’ motivations to migrate often overlap.
Dialogue international sur la migration No 31
Accélérer l’action intégrée en faveur du développement durable : migration, environnement et changement climatique
Le changement climatique et la dégradation de l’environnement sont incontestablement des préoccupations majeures, et leurs incidences sur la migration, la santé, la paix et le développement durable sont déjà manifestes dans toutes les régions du monde. Dix ans après la première session de l’IDM consacrée à la multithématique migration, environnement et changement climatique, tenue en 2011, l’OIM a replacé ce sujet crucial à l’ordre du jour dans un contexte d’urgence politique croissante, compte tenu des incidences profondes de la crise sanitaire mondiale de la COVID-19 qui relient le climat et la migration aux questions de développement actuelles et futures. La présente publication rend compte succinctement des délibérations de cette session. Elle renferme par ailleurs des expériences, des pratiques exemplaires, des enseignements et des recommandations visant à accélérer l’action intégrée menée dans le domaine de la migration, de l’environnement et du changement climatique à l’appui des objectifs de développement durable.
Internally Displaced and Immobile People in Ukraine Between 2014 and 2022: Older Age and Disabilities as Factors of Vulnerability
Authored by Irina Kuznetsova and Oksana Mikheieva, this Migration Research Series paper explores the impacts of the ongoing crisis in Ukraine on the individuals that were displaced before 2022. The authors argue that the pre-existing vulnerabilities of those stranded in occupied areas since February 2022 have been exacerbated, particularly at the intersections of displacement and immobility, and disability, older ag, and housing.
The Digital Dynamics of Migration: Insights from the Ukrainian Crisis
Authored by Mamello Thinyane, Eleonore Fournier-Tombs and Giuseppe Molinario, this Migration Research Series paper examines the digital dynamics of Ukrainian migrants and the implications of digital trends, such as online activism and remote work, on migration and displacement. The authors employ an aspirations and capabilities analytical lens to investigate the different facets of the digital lives of Ukrainian migrants. The authors argue that centring the analysis on the individual and collective capabilities and aspirations of the migrants allows for a nuanced understanding of migration and the role of digital technologies in the migration story, and ultimately offers suggestions for enhancing the digital lives of migrants.
Challenges and Opportunities in Rapid Situational Awareness of Ukrainian Displacement to the European Union: Some Methodological Insights
Authored by Petros Gkotsis, Sara Henriques, Evangelos Koukournesis, Elena Leleki, Constantinos Melachrinos, Maria Papaioannou, and Teddy Wilkin, this Migration Research Series paper highlights four research projects employed by The European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA) that seek to understand displacement from Ukraine to the European Union. The projects range from emergency measures adopted by Member States, new indicators on registrations for temporary protection, approaches to forecasting, and an online survey of displaced Ukrainians detailing demographics, their country of origin, destination, and their future aspirations. The paper concludes with reflections on lessons learned noting future considerations for research timelines, interdisciplinary research teams, and the involvement of Member State experts.
International Migration and Sustainable Development
International Migration and Sustainable Development examines the linkages between international migration and the social, economic and environmental dimensions of sustainable development. It discusses how international migration is defined and measured, examines levels and trends in international migration at the global and regional level and by income group, explores the growing scope and impact of international migration and reviews its relevance for achieving internationally agreed sustainable development Goals and targets. The report also offers policy recommendations focusing on the social, economic and environmental causes and consequences of international migration. The report is part of a series on major demographic trends being prepared by the Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Other reports in the series have investigated the linkages between population growth, social and economic development and environmental change and analyzed population ageing. The main purpose of the series is to provide informed analysis of population patterns and trends in the context of sustainable development in a manner that is accessible to a general audience and that can help to guide the policymaking of Member States and the deliberations of the United Nations Commission on Population and Development.
Diálogo Internacional sobre la Migración Nº 30
Crisis de la COVID-19: Reconcebir el papel de los migrantes y la movilidad humana para el logro de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible
El Diálogo Internacional sobre la Migración 2020, titulado “Crisis de la COVID-19: Reconcebir el papel de los migrantes y la movilidad humana para el logro de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible” tuvo lugar los días 15 y 16 de octubre de 2020. En él se celebró un intercambio muy oportuno de mejores prácticas y recomendaciones sobre cómo responder a los retos inmediatos y de largo plazo que plantea la pandemia para los migrantes y la movilidad humana. El evento congregó a gobiernos, expertos en salud y representantes de la sociedad civil, el sector privado y organizaciones juveniles, y consolidó el papel fundamental que desempeña el Diálogo al brindar un foro de debate sobre las cuestiones migratorias fundamentales del momento. En la presente publicación se resumen las deliberaciones de la sesión del Diálogo Internacional sobre la Migración. También se recopilan las experiencias y mejores prácticas para hacer frente a la pandemia de la COVID-19 y sus consecuencias para los migrantes, la migración y la movilidad. Además, se ofrece un conjunto de recomendaciones para promover la formulación de planes de recuperación socioeconómica que tengan en cuenta a los migrantes.
تقرير التنمية الاجتماعية العدد الخامس
إضاءة على الوعد بعدم إهمال أحد في المنطقة العربية
Social Development Report 5
Unpacking the Promise to Leave No One Behind in the Arab Region
This Social Development Report, the fifth in this series, provides deep analysis of the status of marginalized and excluded population groups facing severe vulnerabilities in the Arab region. This report examines the region’s ability to meet its 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development promise of leaving no one behind. Using the Sustainable Development Goal framework, the report reveals startling realities, with approximately 187 million individuals in the region being left behind across critical dimensions including social protection and access to health, education and housing services. Through intersectional analysis, the report examines the root causes of inequality and showcases pioneering initiatives addressing these challenges. The report presents actionable policy recommendations to empower marginalized groups and ensure more inclusion and equity towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. The report also highlights the urgency of integrating the leave no one behind framework into national strategies and calls for the reinvigoration of data collection and monitoring.
Dialogue international sur la migration No 30
Crise de la COVID-19 : Repenser la contribution des migrants et de la mobilité humaine à la réalisation des Objectifs de développement durable
Le Dialogue international sur la migration (IDM), organisé les 15-16 octobre 2020 sur le thème « Crise de la COVID-19 : Repenser la contribution des migrants et de la mobilité humaine à la réalisation des objectifs de développement durable », a fort opportunément offert l’occasion de mettre en commun des pratiques exemplaires et des recommandations sur les réponses à apporter aux défis immédiats et à plus long terme que pose la pandémie pour les migrants et la mobilité humaine. Il a rassemblé des gouvernements, des spécialistes de la santé, des acteurs de la société civile et du secteur privé ainsi que des représentants de la jeunesse, et a confirmé l’importance fondamentale que revêt l’IDM en sa qualité d’enceinte de discussions sur les questions migratoires clés de notre temps. Cette publication offre un compte rendu succinct des délibérations menées lors de cette session. Elle présente en outre un ensemble d’expériences et de pratiques exemplaires en matière de gestion de la pandémie de COVID-19 et de ses conséquences pour les migrants, la migration et la mobilité, et renferme une série de recommandations visant à promouvoir des plans de redressement socioéconomique qui tiennent compte des migrants.
Migration, Environment and Climate Change in Yemen
The Migration, Environment, and Climate Change (MECC) Country Report on Yemen by IOM explores the complex links between climate change, environmental degradation, and human mobility in Yemen. Given the country’s aridity, water scarcity, and vulnerability to climate-induced hazards—exacerbated by conflict—this study provides an evidence-based foundation for policy discussions and interventions. Utilizing qualitative mixed methods, including key informant interviews and focus group discussions, the report highlights how extreme weather events (floods, cyclones, wildfires, dust storms) and slow-onset environmental changes (drought, rising temperatures, soil degradation, and sea level rise) drive displacement, alter livelihoods, and exacerbate vulnerabilities. The findings underscore adaptive responses—such as makeshift repairs and community support—that remain insufficient amid Yemen’s humanitarian crisis. The report also examines migration dynamics, revealing how conflict, economic instability, and environmental degradation fuel internal displacement and migration through Yemen toward neighboring countries. Key challenges identified include governance gaps, resource scarcity, gender disparities, and deteriorating health and security conditions, making urgent policy action essential.
International Dialogue on Migration No. 35
Leveraging Human Mobility in Support of the Sustainable Development Goals
The first session of International Dialogue on Migration (IDM) 2023 took place on 30 and 31 March 2023, with the theme, Leveraging Human Mobility in Support of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The session took place at a crucial time in light of the imminent SDG Summit in September, which marked the midway point in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda and provided an opportunity to assess progress towards the SDGs. The first IDM 2023 session encouraged dialogue among IOM Member States, stakeholders and partners to take stock of the complex and intertwined ways in which human mobility is impacted by and, in turn, impacts the major transformations and challenges of our time. This publication reports on the proceedings of the two-day session and compiles relevant data, evidence, best practices, innovative approaches and concrete solutions in relation to mainstreaming human mobility to accelerate the achievement of SDGs.
Local Migration Governance in Ukraine
Well-developed Areas and Opportunities for Development
In 2024, IOM conducted four local Migration Governance Indicators (MGI) assessments in Ukraine, in coordination with the public authorities of Kharkiv City, Odesa City, Stryi Territorial Community and Lviv Oblast. The MGIs – IOM’s flagship initiative on migration governance – is a critical tool to support governments in assessing the comprehensiveness of their migration policies, as well as in identifying gaps and areas that could be strengthened. This report examines common well-developed policy areas and those with potential for future development in local migration governance, based on data collected during the MGI assessments. Its aim is to improve understanding of local migration management and highlight existing challenges, thereby supporting evidence-based and well-informed decision-making and policy development in Ukraine.
Human Mobility in the Context of Climate Change, Environmental Degradation and Disaster Risks
This scoping study explores human mobility in the context of climate change in Jordan, highlighting gender-sensitive adaptation measures. It was informed by meetings and consultations with the local communities in the targeted locations, as well as interviews with local and central government entities. The consultant hired for this study is an expert on climate change in Jordan and is currently engaging with various stakeholder institutions, in order to scope out available data sets and other data sources, with the purpose of identifying gaps in data availability and accessibility.
International Dialogue on Migration No. 37
Facilitating Regular Pathways to a Better Future: Harnessing the Power of Migration
The 2024 International Dialogue on Migration (IDM) has brought to the forefront the undeniable truth that migration, when effectively managed, holds the potential to be one of the greatest forces for global good, bearing benefits for migrants, their families and all the communities involved. Throughout this session, diverse stakeholders – from governments and international organizations to civil society and the private sector – came together with a shared vision: to harness the power of migration as a driver of sustainable development, social cohesion and economic resilience. The discussions emphasized that the key to unlocking this potential lies in the creation and strengthening of regular migration pathways. These pathways must be designed to be inclusive, responsive and rights-based, ensuring that all migrants, regardless of their origin or destination, are afforded the dignity and opportunities they deserve. The IDM 2024 showcased numerous innovative solutions and policies that are already making a difference, from national initiatives that align migration with labour market needs to multilateral efforts that enhance regional cooperation and protect vulnerable populations, as well as initiatives piloted by the private sector and efforts put in place by welcoming communities all around the world.
Protecting Children in Migration: A Nexus between Migration and Child Protection in Ethiopia
Ethiopia is a country of origin and transit, with migration primarily occurring around three main routes: (a) Eastern route through Djibouti towards Saudi Arabia; (b) Southern route through Kenya towards South Africa; and (c) Northern route through Libya towards Europe. In 2022, the number of unaccompanied children who migrated via the Eastern route doubled in comparison to 2021, and unaccompanied children made up 38 per cent of all children on the move from Ethiopia in 2022. En route, children may face protection risks including arbitrary arrest and detention, human trafficking for the purposes of labour or sexual exploitation, gender-based violence, extortion and denial of access to basic needs. Broad structural factors, such as conflict, drought and poverty are driving children and adults to migrate despite the protection risks. To understand the current knowledge gaps in the nexus between migration and child protection, as well as proposed improvements, this study relies on primary and secondary data analysis. With a particular focus on exploring linkages between child migration and trafficking in children in Ethiopia, the report concludes with the institutional and legal landscape for children on the move and highlights key policy gaps in protecting children on the move across Ethiopia.
عدم المساواة في المنطقة العربية
حقوق مهدورة ووعود منقوضة
People living in the Arab region face various forms of inequality, many of them linked to unequal exposure to life-cycle risks. By providing financial protection against these risks, social protection systems can address inequalities. To be fully effective, social protection systems must take into account the particular needs of specific vulnerable groups such as informal workers, women and girls, older and younger people, persons with disabilities and migrants. This fourth edition of the Arab Inequality Report describes how social protection systems in the Arab region have evolved in response to economic developments and external shocks, and examines the varying degrees to which these systems provide effective protection and reduce inequalities. It concludes with practical policy recommendations for countries to ensure that their social protection systems are effective and responsive.
Building Solutions for the World’s 83 Million Internally Displaced Persons: Recent Lessons on How
As resources are slashed across the United Nations and wider aid system, there has perhaps never been as high a premium on finding lasting solutions for people caught in protracted crises. Emergency aid – humanitarian assistance – needs to be protected for short-term interventions that alleviate extreme suffering and vulnerability. Affected individuals and communities need to be supported to return quickly towards greater self-reliance, under the active engagement and leadership of their own governments. This implies the right kind of funding and policy support designed to reinforce government leadership and systems. The case for a quicker pivot towards such a “solutions approach” is especially compelling for the world’s internally displaced persons (IDPs), who are among the world’s most vulnerable people and need a more effective response from local and international actors alike. IDPs are persons forced from their homes by factors outside their control and seek safety still within their own country, unlike refugees who have crossed a border. This phenomenon has increased dramatically over recent years – from around 24 million in 1992, when the then United Nations Secretary-General appointed a first Representative on Internally Displaced Persons, to over 83 million today.
Inequality in the Arab Region
Rights Denied, Promises Broken
People living in the Arab region face various forms of inequality, many of them linked to unequal exposure to life-cycle risks. By providing financial protection against these risks, social protection systems can address inequalities. To be fully effective, social protection systems must take into account the particular needs of specific vulnerable groups such as informal workers, women and girls, older and younger people, persons with disabilities and migrants. This fourth edition of the Arab Inequality Report describes how social protection systems in the Arab region have evolved in response to economic developments and external shocks, and examines the varying degrees to which these systems provide effective protection and reduce inequalities. It concludes with practical policy recommendations for countries to ensure that their social protection systems are effective and responsive.
Situation Report on International Migration in the Arab Region 2025
Migration-development Nexus: Pathways to Prosperity
The migration-development nexus has witnessed increasing attention in recent years, both globally and regionally, reflecting the profound impact that population movements have on both countries of origin and of destination, both within and beyond the region. The 2024 edition of the Situation Report on International Migration in the Arab Region examines the critical nexus of migration and development in a region undergoing transformative demographic, economic, social and technological shifts. It offers an analysis of migration trends, challenges and opportunities, emphasizing the dual role of migration as both a driver and a product of development. Key insights highlight the potential of migration to contribute positively to host societies and countries of origin. Migrants bring valuable skills, knowledge and cultural diversity, while remittances support families, reduce poverty, and spur economic growth. However, achieving these outcomes requires policies that safeguard migrants’ rights and maximize their contributions to development. Regional cooperation is also essential, as the interconnected nature of Arab countries means migration policies in one country can significantly affect neighbouring nations. The present report provides a road map to harness migration’s potential, while addressing its challenges. By adopting a holistic and forward-looking approach, the Arab region can position migration as a source of strength, resilience and shared prosperity.
تقرير حالة الهجرة الدولية في المنطقة العربية 2025 لعام
العلاقة بين الهجرة والتنمية: مسارات نحو الازدهار
The migration-development nexus has witnessed increasing attention in recent years, both globally and regionally, reflecting the profound impact that population movements have on both countries of origin and of destination, both within and beyond the region. The 2024 edition of the Situation Report on International Migration in the Arab Region examines the critical nexus of migration and development in a region undergoing transformative demographic, economic, social and technological shifts. It offers an analysis of migration trends, challenges and opportunities, emphasizing the dual role of migration as both a driver and a product of development. Key insights highlight the potential of migration to contribute positively to host societies and countries of origin. Migrants bring valuable skills, knowledge and cultural diversity, while remittances support families, reduce poverty, and spur economic growth. However, achieving these outcomes requires policies that safeguard migrants’ rights and maximize their contributions to development. Regional cooperation is also essential, as the interconnected nature of Arab countries means migration policies in one country can significantly affect neighbouring nations. The present report provides a road map to harness migration’s potential, while addressing its challenges. By adopting a holistic and forward-looking approach, the Arab region can position migration as a source of strength, resilience and shared prosperity.