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Reduced Inequalities
Prospects for the Post-pandemic Tourism and Economic Recovery in Vanuatu
The COVID-19 Crisis: What Explains Cross-country Differences in the Pandemic’s Short-term Economic Impact?
COVID-19: Effects of School Closures on Foundational Skills and Promising Practices for Monitoring and Mitigating Learning Loss
Social Benefits and the Feedback Effect of Child Poverty in European Countries
Social Protection and Its Effects on Gender Equality: A Literature Review
Encryption, Privacy and Children’s Right to Protection from Harm
Does Group Farming Empower Rural Women?
Few programmes for economically empowering rural women in India have focused seriously on farming—the one occupation in which the women have most experience. Hence two state-level initiatives in the early 2000s stand out both because they focused on improving women’s livelihoods within agriculture itself and because of the innovative institutional form by which they sought to do so namely group farming. The initiatives encouraged rural women to lease in land collectively pool their labour and capital and cultivate jointly on a voluntary basis. Hence they recognized women as farmers outside the domain of family farms under which most cultivation is done globally and in which women are typically unpaid family workers with little autonomy. This paper based on the author’s detailed primary surveys in the two states examines whether group farming can enable women farmers to overcome resource constraints and gain economically. Can it also empower them socially and politically? Since the approach to group farming differs notably in the two states the paper examines which approach is more effective and why. To date there has been no systematic study of group farming based on carefully collected quantitative and qualitative data in either state. The lessons learned from these experiences can help not only in strengthening group farming further but also in assessing how these models could be replicated in other regions.
Disrupted Families
By the end of 2016 an estimated 6.5 million Syrian citizens were internally displaced and more than 4.8 million Syrians had fled to neighbouring countries. While roughly half of all displaced and refugee Syrians are female around three quarters of the estimated 550000 Syrian asylum seekers who have arrived in Germany since the outbreak of the conflict are male. This gender imbalance is mainly due to the dangerous flight routes to Germany and the high costs of smugglers. Due to changing German asylum policies and practices lengthy procedures and bureaucratic obstacles a growing number of Syrian families who had intended to reunite in Germany now remain separated for two to three years or even longer. Others were even forced apart post-arrival. This paper examines the impacts of shifting policies in relation to family reunification and internal dispersal on the experiences of female Syrian asylum seekers in Germany. It is based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Germany in 2012–2016. Through the analysis of women’s accounts and of policy measures it sheds light on how female Syrian asylum seekers and recognized refugees have coped with diverse challenges before arriving during long-lasting separations after subsequent reunifications in Germany or after arriving alone.