Climate Action
Objectives of the action plan and background information
The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Sustainable Mobility and Smart Connectivity initiative is to help ECE member States move towards sustainable transport and better connectivity.
Renewal of the registered vehicles
The need to rejuvenate the vehicle fleet in Montenegro is based on the need to lower the average age of registered vehicles. The current situation in Montenegro is unsatisfactory, largely due to the purchasing power of the population and the vehicle users’ habits concerning the acceptable safety and technical standards for vehicles.
Action plan
This chapter contains the content of the project with the implementation plan for the necessary activities and goals to be achieved.
Sustainable Transport Action Plan for Montenegro
Determining Road Use Fee and Promoting Vehicle Renewal for Environmental Sustainability
This report is part of Sustainable Mobility and Smart Connectivity initiative, aimed at supporting selected countries in Central Asia, Caucasus and the Western Balkans in transitioning towards sustainable transport and better connectivity. It outlines national action plans designed to build the capacity of national stakeholders to implement sustainable mobility and smart connectivity policies. In collaboration with the Ministries, national stakeholders, and a national consultant, UNECE conducted an in-dept analysis to assess the current state of mobility sustainability and connectivity. The analysis identified key areas for improvement and, in agreement with national authorities, established priority areas for action. Based on these findings, the report proposes tailored actions plans and recommendations for Montenegro to follow in order to improve sustainability of transport sector.
Avant-propos
Notre monde traverse des turbulences et des incertitudes considérables, de l’escalade des conflits au chaos climatique, en passant par les divisions et les discriminations croissantes.
Programme mondial d’éducation dans le domaine des droits de l’homme: Plan d’action, cinquième phase
Le Programme mondial pour l’éducation aux droits de l’homme a été proclamé par l’Assemblée générale des Nations Unies en décembre 2004. Cette initiative mondiale permanente, structurée en phases successives, vise à promouvoir la mise en œuvre de programmes d’éducation aux droits de l’homme dans tous les secteurs. L’éducation aux droits de l’homme encourage un sentiment d’humanité partagé et favorise la conviction que tous les êtres humains méritent la même dignité, le même respect et la même justice. Elle permet aux enfants et aux jeunes de jouer pleinement leur rôle de citoyens du monde, d’agir pour défendre leurs droits et ceux d’autrui, et de participer activement à la vie publique et aux processus démocratiques. En conséquence, le Conseil des droits de l’homme des Nations Unies, par sa résolution 57/10, a lancé la cinquième phase (2025-2029) du Programme mondial pour l’éducation aux droits de l’homme, consacrée aux enfants et aux jeunes et axée sur l’éducation aux droits de l’homme dans trois domaines thématiques : les technologies numériques et les droits de l’homme, l’égalité des sexes, et l’environnement et le changement climatique. S’appuyant sur les documents des Nations Unies et sur des consultations menées auprès de divers acteurs, cette publication relative à la cinquième phase présente le périmètre, le contexte, les objectifs spécifiques et les composantes du plan d’action, ainsi que les étapes de sa mise en œuvre.
Technical regulations
Technical regulations apply to both imported and domestically produced goods. They are introduced through national legislation to set out product characteristics such as maximum emission requirements or minimum energy-efficiency levels for targeted goods. Technical regulations are also used to define control and certification procedures (e.g., testing and certification requirements) to ensure compliance with the requirements they introduce. Another important element of technical regulations is the introduction of mandatory symbols, marking, or labelling requirements on the products they regulate. Such labels are often used to inform consumers of the energy efficiency or emissions levels of targeted goods.
Step-by-step checklist to identify climate change-strategic trade sectors and trade-related measures
This chapter provides a detailed step-by-step checklist to identify climate change-strategic trade sectors and trade-related measures.
Acknowledgements
Division on International Trade and Commodities, by Chantal Line Carpentier, Claudia Contreras, Malick Kane and Valentina Olave. Sofia Dominguez, Clovis Freire, Elizabeth Gachuiri, Lorena Jaramillo, Amelia Santos, Prachi Sharma, David Vivas, Dong Wu and Kexin Xie of UNCTAD provided valuable inputs, comments and suggestions, as did Karen Suassuna and Lorenzo Formenti (International Trade Centre) and Pierre Horna (United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific).
Trade as a tool to advance climate plans, including nationally determined contributions
National trade-related measures and policies have untapped potential to advance the ambition and implementation of NDCs and national climate plans. National trade-related measures such as tariffs, market-based mechanisms, subsidies, and technical regulations can facilitate the energy transition and the economic and social transformations to low-carbon economies, enhance the market for carbon-efficient products, and facilitate phasing out unsustainable economic activities (UNCTAD, 2023a). The inclusion of trade-related measures in NDCs and the mainstreaming of these measures in relevant national strategies, such as export or industrialization strategies, can also contribute to securing enhanced means of implementation in support of national climate goals while strengthening policy coherence.
Public procurement, subsidies and tax exemptions
In the same way that tariffs have been used as policy instruments to reduce carbon emissions, public procurement, subsidies and tax exemptions can be used to facilitate the importation of sustainable goods needed to support the transition to a low-carbon economy. Public procurement programs can be tailored to include provisions to facilitate the import of carbon-efficient goods when equivalent products are unavailable domestically and in the absence of plans to develop local production. This can be supported by introducing a “sustainability lens” that includes requirements to favour the sourcing of low-carbon products and services in all public procurement biddings. Examples of public procurement measures included in reviewed NDCs range from the public acquisition of LED light bulbs to electric or hybrid vehicles and energy-efficient appliances.
Market-based measures
As early as 1997, the Kyoto Protocol introduced the use of market-based tools, such as carbon-emission trading, in support of mitigation efforts (UNFCCC, 2023a). Market-based mechanisms can help improve the cost-effectiveness of climate actions, stimulate private investment, and contribute to financing the efforts of developing countries.
Context
To meet the goals of the Paris Agreement,1 Parties are required to prepare, communicate and update successive nationally determined contributions (NDCs) every five years, aiming for the highest possible ambition (UNFCCC, 2016). NDCs embody each country’s commitment to reduce emissions, adapt to climate impacts, and promote sustainable development.
Sustainable export value chain development
Measures focusing on sustainable export value chains are among the most common trade-related measures in NDCs (UNCTAD, 2023a). Among the trade policy tools developing countries use to support climate action, these types of measures are also the ones with the strongest development focus and the broadest scope. Examples of sustainable export value chains or sectors targeted by trade-related measures in NDCs include timber and non-timber forest products, agrifood and livestock, and tourism (UNCTAD, 2023a).