A Practical Guide to the Prosecution of Cases of Competition Manipulation

As the scale, sources and sophistication of competition manipulation become increasingly apparent, there is a growing recognition that more needs to be done to tackle this activity, which is a direct threat to the ethos at the heart of sport. Increasing the capacity and capability of prosecutors involved in cases of competition manipulation is an integral part of the process. This guide is aimed at helping to achieve this goal. The guide examines the challenges relating to prosecuting cases of competition manipulation and sets out a recommended framework for doing so (using the manipulated performance, reward and communication (MPRC) approach), including a description of its components and details on how it should be used. The guide is primarily directed to the prosecution before criminal courts of those involved in competition and match manipulation. However, the principles and methods outlined in the guide are considered to be both useful and relevant to all those who are engaged in the detection and fight against corruption of sport in general and the manipulation of sports competitions in particular. It is also hoped that the Guide will provide a useful resource for international and national federations as well as sports’ governing bodies bringing their own private law disciplinary proceedings.