Reduced Inequalities

The Asia and the Pacific SDG Progress Report 2021 analyses trends as well as data availability for monitoring progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Asia-Pacific and its five subregions. It assesses gaps that must be closed to achieve the goals by 2030. This assessment is designed to ensure that the region’s actions remain on target, shortcomings are addressed as they arise, and all interested parties remain engaged. This edition also explores the impact of COVID-19 on achieving the 2030 Agenda, with inputs from partner UN agencies.

Нижеследующие правила не имеют целью подробное описание образцо вой системы пенитенциарных учреждений, а предназначены лишь для того, чтобы на основе общепризнанных достижений современной мысли и с учетом основных элементов наиболее удовлетворительных в настоящее время систем изложить то, что обычно считается правильным с принципи альной и практической точек зрения в области обращения с заключенны ми и управления тюрьмами.

This premier Economic Governance Report (EGR I) assesses the institutional architecture pledged by African governments for blocking illicit financial flows (IFFs) and recommends initiatives to strengthen it. The report’s findings indicate that IFFs continue to thrive, though African countries have tried to establish dedicated institutional frameworks for combatting them. The IFFs include corruption, money laundering, trade mis-invoicing to move money illicitly, and tax fraud (including corporate tax dodging). The report encourages more inter-agency collaboration, coordinated reporting, the removal of duplicated and competing mandates, and consistent political support for institutional reforms to combat IFFs. The report suggested that the African countries that are parties to international conventions on corruption should fully implement and align all national laws governing anti-corruption agencies. Anti-corruption laws should expressly cover IFFs. African countries should also strengthen the powers and independence of anti-corruption agencies to effectively address corruption, money laundering, trade-related IFFs, and tax-motivated IFFs. They should integrate data systems across all economic channels—central banks, customs authorities, other tax authorities, registries of companies, security exchange commissions, and commercial and non-banking financial institutions—to support tracking of corrupt transactions and the movement of corrupt proceeds.

Метою нижченаведених правил не є надання детального опису типової системи пенітенціарних установ, натомість вони покликані на основі загальновизнаного бачення основних елементів найбільш адекватних системи лише викласти те, що в цілому вважається належними принципами та практиками у поводженні з ув'язненими та управлінні в'язницями.

This year's report takes the 30th anniversary of the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development as an opportunity to reflect on how far we have come in achieving sexual and reproductive health and rights for all. While the report celebrates the significant gains made, it also considers who has been left out of that progress, arguing that a more equitable future for all requires a renewed commitment to empowering those furthest behind.

The Nelson Mandela Rules are a crucial guide for prison practitioners and legislators alike because, in the words of the preliminary observations to the Rules, they “represent, as a whole, the minimum conditions which are accepted as suitable by the United Nations”.4 Moreover, in 2017, the General Assembly explicitly encouraged Member States “to use the [Nelson Mandela] Rules as a guide in the development of prison laws.” The purpose of this Handbook is to provide guidance on developing national prison legislation that meets the minimum standards set by the Nelson Mandela Rules. At the core of this Handbook is a Model Prison Act, designed to guide Member States in understanding how the principles contained in the Nelson Mandela Rules could best be included in national prison legislation. The Model Prison Act is supported by a detailed commentary with references to not only the Nelson Mandela Rules but also other United Nations standards and norms relevant to prison management and the treatment of prisoners, as well as the binding international conventions that underpin them.

Mit den folgenden Regeln wird nicht beabsichtigt, im Einzelnen ein Muster system für Vollzugsanstalten zu beschreiben. Angestrebt wird lediglich, auf der Grundlage der heute allgemein anerkannten Auffassungen und der wesentlichen Elemente der am besten geeigneten Systeme der heutigen Zeit die allgemein als gut anerkannten Grundsätze und Verfahrensweisen für die Behandlung der Gefangenen und die Führung der Vollzugsanstalten darzulegen.

Given the urgency of the SDG Stimulus and that public debt distress is likely to remain a major macroeconomic policy challenge for Asia and the Pacific in coming years, the Survey 2024 will continue to focus on fiscal and public debt challenges and policy options. After outlining the changing economic, financial and development context and its medium-term fiscal implications, the Survey 2024 will dive deeper into policy options that developing Asia-Pacific economies, as debtors and as part of the international community, can explore to boost affordable and long-term financing for essential public spending on sustainable development and reduce the associated sovereign credit risks and costs. In addition to identifying ‘what’ policy actions should be taken, the Survey 2024 will also give emphasis on ‘how to’ implement the needed policy actions. Insights from approaches such as political economy, behavioural science, and country case studies will be used.

UNCTAD’s extensive work on measuring and benchmarking productive capacities globally reveals significant gaps, not only between developed and developing economies, but also within the developing countries themselves. UNCTAD’s new Productive Capacities Index (PCI) clearly demonstrates that the difference in the levels of socioeconomic development across countries and regions is a consequence of the gaps in their levels of productive capacities.

Este Guia descreve detalhadamente o conteúdo de uma legislação abrangente contra a discriminação. Fornece aos legisladores e defensores as ferramentas para desenvolver legislação anti-discriminação consistente com as normas jurídicas internacionais sobre os direitos à igualdade e à não-discriminação. Visa ajudar os Estados a cumprir as suas obrigações fundamentais de direito internacional de respeitar, proteger e cumprir os direitos à igualdade e à não discriminação. Este Guia também inclui exemplos práticos para ajudar os legisladores e os decisores políticos. Fornece também orientações específicas sobre a ligação entre a legislação antidiscriminação, por um lado, e os direitos das minorias, por outro.

This edition of the Social Panorama of Latin America and the Caribbean addresses the challenges of labour inclusion as a key axis for inclusive social development. Despite a recovery in social indicators in 2022 (reduction of poverty and inequality, recovery of employment), the region faces a double trap of low growth and high levels of poverty and inequality. Labour inclusion is key to combating poverty, reducing informality and inequality and moving towards inclusive social development. Gender gaps in labour market inclusion are driven by the unequal distribution of the burden of care work, which is largely borne by women. In the case of migrants, overqualification and discrimination also affect their labour market inclusion. The efforts made by countries in terms of investment in labour policies, which on average amount to 0.34% of GDP, are insufficient. What is needed is a shift from labour market integration to labour market inclusion, guaranteeing access to quality employment, income above the minimum wage and access to social protection, particularly for women and young people.

As regras que a seguir se enunciam não pretendem descrever em porme nor um modelo de sistema prisional. Procuram unicamente, com base no consenso geral do pensamento atual e nos elementos essenciais dos sis temas contemporâneos mais adequados, estabelecer o que geralmente se aceita como sendo bons princípios e práticas no tratamento dos reclusos e na gestão dos estabelecimentos prisionais.

Seuraavien sääntöjen tarkoituksena ei ole kuvata yksityiskohtaisesti rangaistuslaitosten mallijärjestelmää. He pyrkivät vain nykyajattelun yleisen konsensuksen ja nykyajan sopivimpien järjestelmien olennaisten osien pohjalta määrittelemään, mikä on yleisesti hyväksytty vankien kohtelun ja vankilan hallinnon hyviksi periaatteiksi ja käytännöiksi.

General Assembly resolution 70/186 mandates the Intergovernmental Group of Experts on Consumer Protection Law and Policy to conduct voluntary peer reviews on consumer protection law and policy. The purpose of voluntary peer reviews in this field is to provide an external and independent assessment of the effectiveness of consumer protection law and policy in a given country; to identify the challenges to be addressed and areas to be improved in the legal and institutional frameworks, thereby contributing to enhancing quality, efficiency and consumer protection regimes; to assess the consumer protection awareness of relevant stakeholders and their contributions in this area; to formulate and recommend appropriate measures, designed in consideration of the economic and developmental particularities of each country, to address these challenges; and, where appropriate, to assist countries in implementing the recommendations by developing a capacity-building project in consultation with the country concerned. The present publication serves as basis for the Voluntary Peer Review on Consumer Protection Law and Policy of Thailand.

The “Women’s economic empowerment strategy” articulates UN Women’s vision for enabling women’s economic agency, autonomy, and well-being. The strategy assesses the global landscape and UN Women’s role in realizing the economic rights of women and girls. It lays out the global context for work on women’s economic empowerment, provides a rights-based and transformative definition of economic empowerment, identifies gaps in current global efforts to achieve women’s economic empowerment, and then situates UN Women’s work on women’s economic empowerment within these broader efforts. Drawing on UN Women’s unique mandate and comparative advantage, it then lays out the opportunities for accelerating progress. Its objective is to provide a framework that galvanizes internal and external stakeholders to work together at the local, national, and global level through transformative solutions that improve the lives of women and girls with no one left behind.

The Plan of Action provides methodological guidance to develop a comprehensive human rights education strategy for young people at the national level that supports youth empowerment, participation and inclusion. It addresses governments, national human rights institutions and civil society organizations, including youth movements and networks, as well as education practitioners. Member States adopted the Plan of Action to guide implementation of the second phase (2010-2014) of the World Programme for Human Rights Education (2005-ongoing), proclaimed by the General Assembly in 2004 and structured in consecutive phases, each focusing on a specific target sector or thematic area.

The 2017 edition of the World Statistics Pocketbook is the forty-first in a series of annual compilations of over 50 key statistical indicators from more than 20 international statistical sources and are presented in one-page profiles for 30 world geographical regions and 232 countries or areas. Organised into five (5) sections -- general information, economic indicators, major trading partners, social indicators, and environmental and infrastructure indicators. The indicators in the profiles cover the following topics: communication, crime, development assistance, education, energy, environment, finance, gender, health, international tourism, and science and technology, to name a few.

A fin de mostrar el impacto de la dinámica demográfica en la fuerza de trabajo de la región, en esta edición del Observatorio Demográfico se analizan indicadores de las estimaciones y proyecciones de la fuerza de trabajo por sexo, edad y área de residencia para el período 1980-2050 para los 20 países de América Latina, sobre la base de la Revisión 2023 llevada a cabo por el Centro Latinoamericano y Caribeño de Demografía (CELADE)-División de Población de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL). En el análisis se destaca que los cambios estructurales de la fuerza de trabajo entre 1980 y 2022 y sus proyecciones hacia 2050 presentan escenarios radicalmente diferentes según los grupos de edad y sexo, así como según se trate de áreas urbanas o rurales, lo que tiene implicaciones para las políticas públicas en materia de trabajo, educación, salud y cuidado, entre otras áreas. Asimismo, se presentan la metodología y las fuentes de datos utilizadas para las estimaciones y proyecciones.

El libro “Cuando la coyuntura se encuentra con la estructura: viñetas sobre el desarrollo y la crisis del COVID-19 en América Latina y el Caribe” se basa en la serie "Graph for Thought" y reúne 30 viñetas basadas en datos para contar la historia de los desafíos de desarrollo estructural en la región de ALC y cómo esto está cambiando a raíz de la pandemia.

The book “When Juncture Meets Structure: Vignettes on Development and the COVID-19 Crisis in Latin America and the Caribbean” is based on the “Graph for Thought” series, and brings together 30 data-driven vignettes to tell the story of structural development challenges in the LAC region and how this is changing in the wake of the pandemic.

Thailand has made steady progress in its transformation to a digital economy. Thailand’s e-commerce is one of the fastest growing business sectors in Southeast Asia. This study analyses Thailand’s national framework for resolving cross-border consumer disputes in e-commerce. It presents the current state of cross-border business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce in Thailand, including growth trends, market characteristics and actors, and existing operating models. It also describes the existing legal and regulatory framework for resolving cross-border consumer disputes, focusing on private international law and consumer protection laws. It examines the institutional framework including judicial and administrative authorities. Finally, the report outlines the situations, systems and approaches to cross-border consumer dispute resolution that are currently in place or under development, focusing on their effectiveness and implementation.

Today, collective action on challenges ranging from climate change mitigation to peace and security is frustratingly slow or stymied altogether. Lack of trust and polarization--both associated with insecurity--exacerbate the gridlock. Shared, interlinked global challenges, like the pandemic and its recovery, are outpacing our willingness and our institutions’ capacities to respond to them.Why, despite all our riches and technologies, are we so stuck? How do we get unstuck? Is it possible to mobilize action to address globally shared challenges in a world that is intensively polarized? The 2023-2024 Human Development Report explores these issues and offers a platform for strategic discussion on how to move beyond narrow zero-sum thinking and support cooperation even as we have diverging interests and views. The e-book for this publication has been converted into an accessible format for the visually impaired and people with print reading disabilities. It is fully compatible with leading screen-reader technologies such as JAWS and NVDA.

The 2017 edition of the World Statistics Pocketbook is the forty-first in a series of annual compilations of over 50 key statistical indicators from more than 20 international statistical sources and are presented in one-page profiles for 30 world geographical regions and 232 countries or areas. Organised into five (5) sections -- general information, economic indicators, major trading partners, social indicators, and environmental and infrastructure indicators. The indicators in the profiles cover the following topics: communication, crime, development assistance, education, energy, environment, finance, gender, health, international tourism, and science and technology, to name a few.

Since 2000, IOM has been producing its flagship world migration reports every two years. The World Migration Report 2024, the twelfth in the world migration report series, has been produced to contribute to increased understanding of migration and mobility throughout the world. The last two years saw major migration and displacement events that have caused great hardship and trauma, as well as loss of life. In addition to the conflicts in Ukraine and Gaza, millions of people have been displaced due to other conflicts, such as within and/or from the Syrian Arab Republic, Yemen, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Sudan, Ethiopia and Myanmar. There have also been large scale displacements triggered by climate- and weather-related disasters in many parts of the world in 2022 and 2023, including in Pakistan, the Philippines, China, India, Bangladesh, Brazil and Colombia. Further, in February 2023, south-east Türkiye and northern Syrian Arab Republic experienced powerful earthquakes, resulting in more than 50,000 deaths. By March, an estimated 2.7 million people had been displaced in Türkiye and many had been left homeless in the Syrian Arab Republic. This new edition presents key data and information on migration as well as thematic chapters on highly topical migration issues and is structured to focus on two key contributions for readers. Part I includes key information on migration and migrants (including migration-related statistics); and part II includes balanced, evidence-based analysis of complex and emerging migration issues.

The 2017 edition of the World Statistics Pocketbook is the forty-first in a series of annual compilations of over 50 key statistical indicators from more than 20 international statistical sources and are presented in one-page profiles for 30 world geographical regions and 232 countries or areas. Organised into five (5) sections -- general information, economic indicators, major trading partners, social indicators, and environmental and infrastructure indicators. The indicators in the profiles cover the following topics: communication, crime, development assistance, education, energy, environment, finance, gender, health, international tourism, and science and technology, to name a few.