Responsible Consumption and Production

这些照片看起来既陌生又熟悉。它们的诞生早于 数字时代，那时还没有自拍，更没有“照片墙” （Instagram）。复古的色彩和银盐胶片显影颗粒 无不散发着一种纯真气息，让人感伤。照片里的 主角都没有名字。我们对他们一无所知，也不知 道是谁在某一天用胶片记录下了这些平凡日常。 我们知道的只有其所在国家和所属年份（这里展 示的照片是 1950 年至 1980 年在美国和英国拍 摄的）。

人 们 通 常 认 为“ 丝 绸 之 路”（ Silk Roads 或 Seidenstraße） 这 个 说 法 最早是由德国地理学家费迪南·冯·李 希霍芬（Ferdinand von Richthofen） 男爵提出的。通过“丝绸之路”，19 世纪的德国历史学家和地理学家得以探 寻两千年前罗马帝国时代的地中海地区 与中国汉王朝之间的交往。丝绸引发了 学者的无限遐想，因为它曾经是（现在 仍是）易于运输的奢侈品，许多罗马人 的服饰就是用丝绸制成的。

I began my professional career in World Heritage research and conservation in 2002. I was invited by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage of China to conduct the assessment, for the Periodic Report, of the sites of Mount Taishan; the Temple and Cemetery of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu; and the Ancient Building Complex in the Wudang Mountains (inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1987 for the former and in 1994 for the latter two). Local authorities in China were very eager to inscribe their heritage sites on the World Heritage List back then, and we were thus under a lot of pressure. Concepts such as heritage routes, cultural landscapes and 20th century heritage were all still relatively new for China’s cultural relic protection field.

Né au xixe siècle, le terme de « route de la soie » renvoie à une réalité bien plus ancienne qui remonte aux premiers échanges entre la Chine et l’Empire romain. Au-delà de sa dimension purement marchande, cet ensemble de voies terrestres et maritimes, qui a permis la diffusion des idées, des connaissances et des religions, reste une source importante d’échanges et de coopération.

Quelle idée les nouvelles générations vivant dans les pays traversés par les routes de la soie se font-elles de cet axe mythique ? Quelles représentations en ont-elles ? Par quoi leur curiosité est-elle aiguisée ? C’est pour recueillir leur vision que l’UNESCO a lancé en 2018 le concours international de photographie Regard de la jeunesse sur les routes de la soie.

If there is to be a significant role for gas as a transition fuel, let alone as a destination fuel, governments and international institutions in the UNECE region will have to develop strategies that encourage the use of gas in the near- and medium-term while providing for a subsequent orderly transition towards a vastly increased use of renewables. Overall, renewables can be expected to provide low-cost electricity in much of the UNECE region and will be the prime beneficiary of the phasing out of coal by individual UNECE member States. Renewables will be favoured both by investors seeking to profit from the market and by governments and politicians seeking to benefit from the provision of low-cost energy to the public whilst limiting the burden on public finances. There will continue to be significant geographical differences. Gas demand in the European Union is expected to contract significantly in the next 20 years but gas will remain the dominant energy source for domestic supply in Russia and Central Asia. Modelling carried out for UNECE shows that a policy stance based on a Pathway to 2°C results in a radically different energy mix to a ‘business as usual’ scenario. In particular, it challenges the conventional wisdom that gas is needed as a transition fuel to decarbonize the economy. More powerful arguments for the use of gas are its role in the provision of both energy security and quality of life. Decarbonization and energy sustainability remain key objectives in the current energy transition. But they are not identical and it is far from clear how efforts to achieve decarbonization and to secure energy sustainability will affect each other.