Responsible Consumption and Production

The objective of this recommendation is to establish a mechanism that enables governments, industry partners, consumers, and all other relevant stakeholders to make risk-informed decisions, overcome information asymmetry, communicate, and achieve accountability for sustainability claims (including those for regulatory compliance) and anchor business models to responsible business conduct. It does so by providing industry actors with a set of internationally agreed practices for the harmonized collection and transmission of data for tracking and tracing materials, products, and processes across an entire value chain, including all involved facilities and intermediaries, and includes related information about the sustainability performance of these value chain participants. While specifically developed for the garment and footwear industry, such internationally agreed practices for advancing traceability and transparency have applications in cross-industry value chains, thus contributing to the achievement of several goals of the United Nations 2030 Agenda, and particularly Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12 on responsible consumption and production.

Each issue of the Monthly Bulletin of Statistics (MBS) presents current economic and social statistics for more than 200 countries and territories of the world. Written in French and English, it contains over 50 tables of monthly and/or annual and quarterly data on a variety of subjects illustrating important economic trends and developments, including population, prices, employment and earnings, energy, manufacturing, transport, construction, international merchandise trade and finance. The annual subscription rate for the Monthly Bulletin of Statistics in print includes access to the MBS Online.

Each issue of the Monthly Bulletin of Statistics (MBS) presents current economic and social statistics for more than 200 countries and territories of the world. Written in French and English, it contains over 50 tables of monthly and/or annual and quarterly data on a variety of subjects illustrating important economic trends and developments, including population, prices, employment and earnings, energy, manufacturing, transport, construction, international merchandise trade and finance. The annual subscription rate for the Monthly Bulletin of Statistics in print includes access to the MBS Online.

This compendium contains notes, technical materials, and other supporting tools UNCTAD has prepared on request by the World Trade Organization Least Developed Countries (WTO LDC) Group. Specifically, this compendium is the second publication of the submissions of the WTO LDC Group, which contains the following: (1) Ad Valorem Criterion submitted last 30 October 2020, (2) Rules of Origin Based on a Change of Tariff Classification submitted last 13 October 2021, (3) Examination of Existing Origin-Related Documentary Requirements: Paragraph 1.8 of the Bali Decision and Paragraph 3.1 of the Nairobi Decision submitted last 22 March 2022, and (4) Preliminary Examination of Proposed New UK Rules of Origin under the UK Developing Countries Trading Scheme (DCTS) submitted last 30 September 2022. Each submission focuses the debate on specific methodologies defining what constitutes a substantial transformation and related documentary evidence. These notes include comments, technical elements for consideration, best practices, and suggestions to enable a constructive engagement in improving rules of origin for LDCs.

Reporting on Forests and Sustainable Forest Management in the Caucasus and Central Asia provides an overview of status and developments in reporting on forests and sustainable forest management in five countries of the Caucasus and Central Asia (Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan). This reporting involves looking at forests in the context of the United Nations principles of sustainable development, recognizing the multiple roles forests play in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Criteria and indicators are tools used to define, guide, monitor and assess progress towards sustainable forest management that help our understanding and inform discussions about sustainable forest management. They operate at the global, regional, international, national, subnational, and even at forest management unit levels; and are a basis for informed decision making, establishing national forest policy and facilitating international reporting. A flexible framework of criteria and indicators helps to develop systems adjusted to the capacities, needs, and conditions in which they are applied. This publication provides information about the processes and results of national efforts in building criteria and indicator sets for countries of the region.

The UNECE Interim Sub-Regional Innovation Policy Outlook (IIPO) provides an update on recent trends and developments in innovation policy governance and support mechanisms in Eastern Europe and the South Caucasus (EESC). It follows the first Sub-Regional Innovation Policy Outlook for EESC (IPO), which was published in 2020. The IIPO publication focuses on two topics in particular that were chosen by the beneficiary countries as priority areas for innovation-led sustainable growth: how to strengthen knowledge linkages and relationships between the research and business sector and how to improve the use of IEP to create demand for and incentivize innovation for sustainable development. This report focuses on how countries can strengthen linkages between science and businesses and leverage the use of innovation-enhancing procurement for innovation-led, sustainable growth based on economic specificities of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, the Republic of Moldova, and Ukraine.

Key Statistics and Trends in International Trade is a yearly publication. It is a product of the Trade Analysis Branch, Division on International Trade and Commodities (DITC), UNCTAD secretariat. This publication monitors the trends of international trade in goods and services in the medium term. The series is part of a larger effort by UNCTAD to analyze trade-related issues of particular importance for developing countries.

Este informe anual de la CEPAL examina la evolución mundial y regional de la Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED) y plantea recomendaciones para que estos flujos contribuyan a los procesos de desarrollo productivo de la región. La IED puede apoyar la realización de las inversiones necesarias para que los países avancen hacia un desarrollo más inclusivo y sostenible, pero, como ha planteado la CEPAL en sucesivas ediciones de este mismo informe, esto no sucede de forma automática. Se requieren políticas que provean el marco necesario para que la IED que ingresa a la región se dirija a actividades que apoyen procesos virtuosos de desarrollo, en términos de inclusividad, calidad del empleo, sostenibilidad ambiental, innovación y complejidad tecnológica. Ante la creciente complejidad del panorama internacional, se hace cada vez más necesario definir estrategias de desarrollo en la región, nacionales y multilaterales, y coordinar los esfuerzos públicos y privados para que América Latina y el Caribe logre un posicionamiento en el panorama económico mundial que la ayude en su avance hacia un desarrollo inclusivo y sostenible, y que no quede relegada a un rol marginal definido por estrategias exógenas.

Each issue of the Monthly Bulletin of Statistics (MBS) presents current economic and social statistics for more than 200 countries and territories of the world. Written in French and English, it contains over 50 tables of monthly and/or annual and quarterly data on a variety of subjects illustrating important economic trends and developments, including population, prices, employment and earnings, energy, manufacturing, transport, construction, international merchandise trade and finance. The annual subscription rate for the Monthly Bulletin of Statistics in print includes access to the MBS Online.

Each issue of the Monthly Bulletin of Statistics (MBS) presents current economic and social statistics for more than 200 countries and territories of the world. Written in French and English, it contains over 50 tables of monthly and/or annual and quarterly data on a variety of subjects illustrating important economic trends and developments, including population, prices, employment and earnings, energy, manufacturing, transport, construction, international merchandise trade and finance. The annual subscription rate for the Monthly Bulletin of Statistics in print includes access to the MBS Online.

Migration is an expanding global reality, one that allows millions of people to seek new opportunities. But it also involves challenges for migrants and for societies, both in areas of origin and of destination. This report analyses migratory flows – internal and international – and how they are linked to processes of economic development, demographic change, and natural-resource pressure. The focus is on rural migration, the many forms it takes and the important role it plays in both developing and developed countries. The report investigates the drivers and impacts of rural migration and highlights how related policy priorities depend on country contexts that are in continuous evolution.

The UNECE Innovation for Sustainable Development Review (I4SDR) of Armenia provides a calibrated assessment and concrete recommendations for innovation policy and structural reform in the country, based on international good practices and a firm understanding of national and regional specificities. This publication focuses on an in-depth analysis of the Armenian innovation infrastructure and examines the role of the Armenian diaspora in fostering innovation-led growth. The Review is a result of an in-depth dialogue and consultation among the UNECE Secretariat, leading subject matter experts, Government officials, academia, the private sector, and other innovation stakeholders in the country.

This fourth edition of the publication, the so-called Blue Book, continues providing precise and updated information on the World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29) serviced by the UNECE Sustainable Transport Division: on its historical background, its administrative and legal framework with a user’s guide, and the three international UN Agreements administered by the World Forum.

Each issue of the Monthly Bulletin of Statistics (MBS) presents current economic and social statistics for more than 200 countries and territories of the world. Written in French and English, it contains over 50 tables of monthly and/or annual and quarterly data on a variety of subjects illustrating important economic trends and developments, including population, prices, employment and earnings, energy, manufacturing, transport, construction, international merchandise trade and finance. The annual subscription rate for the Monthly Bulletin of Statistics in print includes access to the MBS Online.

The Waste Statistics Framework serves as a guide for statisticians compiling national waste statistics and contributes to further international harmonisation of waste statistics. The proposed expanded scope of waste statistics provides an important foundation for measuring the circular economy and other waste-related policy areas.

Each issue of the Monthly Bulletin of Statistics (MBS) presents current economic and social statistics for more than 200 countries and territories of the world. Written in French and English, it contains over 50 tables of monthly and/or annual and quarterly data on a variety of subjects illustrating important economic trends and developments, including population, prices, employment and earnings, energy, manufacturing, transport, construction, international merchandise trade and finance. The annual subscription rate for the Monthly Bulletin of Statistics in print includes access to the MBS Online.

This report summarizes the impacts that the COVID-19 pandemic had during 2020 in the forest sector of the countries in Eastern Europe, the Caucuses and Central Asia (EECCA) (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan), focusing on production, export, import, consumption, prices and employment of the main wood products: roundwood, sawnwood, wood-based panels, wooden furniture, paper and paperboards. It also covers the recovery measures implemented by EECCA governments. Data from various sources, such as official statistics, international data bases, as well as interviews with forest products companies were used for their views on the impact of COVID-19.

Le Système général harmonisé de classification et d’étiquetage des produits chimiques (SGH) décrit la classification et l'étiquetage des produits chimiques par types de danger. Il fournit une base pour l’harmonisation à l'échelle mondiale des prescriptions et réglementations applicables aux produits chimiques et vise à améliorer la protection de la santé humaine et de l'environnement au cours de la manipulation, du transport et de l'utilisation de ces produits en garantissant la disponibilité de l'information sur ses dangers physiques, pour la santé et pour l'environnement.

The annual discharge of plastic into the ocean is estimated to be 11 million tonnes. Globally, national plastics policies are rare and tend to focus on banning or taxing individual plastic items rather than focusing on systemic change of the plastics economy. Indeed, the current policy mix will not deliver the changes needed to reduce additional marine plastic litter to zero. However, marine plastic litter entering the ocean can be reduced exponentially compared to “business as usual” using known technology and approaches. This publication qualitatively considers possible policy options to ensure that by 2050 the net volume of plastic entering the ocean is zero, in line with the Osaka Blue Ocean Vision. It shows the marine plastic litter trends relevant to 2050, summarizes the current plastic policy landscape and explores upstream and downstream interventions, concluding with a set of policy messages to deliver on the Vision and implement the systemic changes needed to improve the plastic economy.

Each issue of the Monthly Bulletin of Statistics (MBS) presents current economic and social statistics for more than 200 countries and territories of the world. Written in French and English, it contains over 50 tables of monthly and/or annual and quarterly data on a variety of subjects illustrating important economic trends and developments, including population, prices, employment and earnings, energy, manufacturing, transport, construction, international merchandise trade and finance. The annual subscription rate for the Monthly Bulletin of Statistics in print includes access to the MBS Online.

This report assesses the ambitions and progress of ESCAP member States in the achievement of global, regional and national sustainable energy objectives, and to discuss solutions to the principal challenges. It assesses the potential for sustainable energy and building back better from COVID-19 to be mutually reinforcing, providing recommendations on how to develop greener, more inclusive energy systems that offer greater resilience to future crises. The analysis in this report considers a range of examples and key lessons from the varied experience across the region to inform and improve future decision-making efforts.

Each issue of the Monthly Bulletin of Statistics (MBS) presents current economic and social statistics for more than 200 countries and territories of the world. Written in French and English, it contains over 50 tables of monthly and/or annual and quarterly data on a variety of subjects illustrating important economic trends and developments, including population, prices, employment and earnings, energy, manufacturing, transport, construction, international merchandise trade and finance. The annual subscription rate for the Monthly Bulletin of Statistics in print includes access to the MBS Online.

Well-informed energy policy design is key to reaching decarbonization targets and keep global climate change under a 2°C threshold. In particular, low-carbon electricity provision for all is essential, as the IPCC shows that the most ambitious climate mitigation scenarios entail the electrification of most of our economy. Therefore, understanding the full scale of potential impacts from current and future electricity generation is required, in order to avoid “impact leakage”, i.e., increasing non-climate environmental pressure while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Life cycle assessment allows the evaluation of a product over its life cycle, and across a wide range of environmental indicators – this method was chosen to report on the environmental profiles of various technologies. Candidate technologies assessed include coal, natural gas, hydropower, nuclear power, concentrated solar power (CSP), photovoltaics, and wind power. Twelve global regions included in the assessment, allowing to vary load factors, methane leakage rates, or background grid electricity consumption, among other factors. With no exception, every electricity generation technology generates environmental impacts over its life cycle; and these impacts may vary widely with implementation site and other design choices. Proper energy policy should consider site-specificity by conducting lifecycle assessments that consider local conditions and potential prospective changes.

Metrology ensures the uniformity of measurements and their metrological traceability to the International System of Units (SI). It allows manufacturers to produce products more accurately, more quickly and to a higher standard. It is the key cornerstone to international standardization and the quality infrastructure in general, which contributes to the facilitation of trade. This recommendation and its guidelines establish the basis of metrological assurance of conformity assessment and testing and its optimum use in international exchanges. It further provides guidance for economies that have not yet implemented a robust national metrology system.

La métrologie garantit l’uniformité des mesures et leur traçabilité dans le Système international d’unités (SI). Elle permet aux fabricants de créer des produits de meilleure qualité, de manière plus précise et plus rapide. Pierre angulaire de la normalisation internationale et de l’infrastructure qualité en général, elle contribue à faciliter les échanges commerciaux. La présente recommandation et les lignes directrices qui l’accompagnent posent les fondations de l’assurance métrologique de l’évaluation de la conformité et des essais et de son utilisation optimale dans le cadre des échanges internationaux. On y trouvera également des conseils pour les économies qui n’ont pas encore mis en place de système national de métrologie solide.

Water nurtures prosperity by meeting basic human needs, supporting health, livelihoods and economic development, underpinning food and energy security, and defending environmental integrity. Water influences the economy in many ways, and global trade dynamics and market adaptations can have direct repercussions on the water use of regional and local economies. The water-related impacts of conflict are multi-faceted and often indirect, such as those linked to forced migration and increased exposure to health threats. Climate change, geopolitical unrest, pandemics, mass migration, hyperinflation and other crises can exacerbate water access inequalities. In nearly all cases, the poorest and most vulnerable groups are those that suffer the greatest risks to their well-being. The 2024 edition of the United Nations World Water Development Report (UN WWDR) calls attention to the complex and interlinked relationships between water, prosperity and peace, describing how progress in one dimension can have positive, often essential, repercussions on the others.

This publication aims to explore the specific barriers and challenges faced by National Statistical Organisations (NSOs) in adopting cloud technology, while also highlighting the experiences and lessons learned from official statistics organisations. By addressing these challenges and leveraging best practices, NSOs can effectively navigate the cloud adoption landscape and drive meaningful transformation in their operations. This publication shares the work of experts drawn from research on cloud adoption in organisational contexts.

Trade is playing a key role in advancing the digital and green transformations. At the same time, the digital and green transformations are changing the way how goods and services are traded internationally. The United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business (UN/CEFACT), under the umbrella of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), supports this global agenda through tools and guidance on effective and transparent solutions for trade facilitation and e-business. To date, UN/CEFACT and UNECE developed a series of nearly 50 policy recommendations and over 950 data exchange standards. These are used globally to simplify, standardize and harmonize trade procedures and information flows. This 2023 edition of the Summary of UNECE Trade Facilitation Recommendations provides an update on the status and availability of policy recommendations adopted by the UN/CEFACT Plenary since the previous, 2019 edition. The latest UNECE Recommendations contribute to mitigating the impact of pandemics and crises on trade flows; addressing disruptions in global supply chains; enhancing the traceability, transparency and sustainability of value chains; and enhancing public-private collaborations to advance trade facilitation efforts, among others.

This publication clarifies the conceptual understanding of a circular economy from both the policy and the monitoring perspectives. The starting point is a short “headline definition” which highlights the interrelated features of all circular economy definitions: maintaining the value of materials in the economy for as long as possible whilst ensuring a positive outcome to society, and preserving natural capital (natural resources, environmental quality) and human health. The conceptual framework has four main components (material life cycle and value chain, interactions with the environment, socio-economic opportunities, and responses and actions). It is complemented with an initial set of indicators for monitoring progress towards a circular economy and a monitoring framework which discusses important measurement considerations, in particular the use of the System of Environmental Economic Accounting (SEEA) for measuring circular economy. The document also includes examples of measurement frameworks used by countries and other regional and national case examples on measuring the circular economy.

This publication contains the text and the explanatory note of the UNCITRAL Model Law on the Use and Cross-border Recognition of Identity Management and Trust Services. This is the first model law at the global level that offers guidance on laws that enable identifying persons online and providing assurance of quality of data messages. Online identification and assurance of data quality are building blocks of the digital world and their international use is critical to ensure seamless cross-border dataflows. The explanatory note offers a detailed illustration of the 27 articles of the Model Law, building on the travaux préparatoires.

Cette publication contient le texte et la note explicative de la Loi type de la CNUDCI sur l'utilisation et la reconnaissance transfrontières des services de gestion de l'identité et de confiance. Il s'agit de la première loi type au niveau mondial permettant d'identifier les personnes en ligne et de garantir la qualité des messages de données. L'identification en ligne et l'assurance de la qualité des données sont des éléments constitutifs du monde numérique et leur utilisation internationale est essentielle pour garantir des flux de données transfrontaliers fluides. La note explicative offre une illustration détaillée des 27 articles de la Loi type, en s'appuyant sur les travaux préparatoires

Thailand has made steady progress in its transformation to a digital economy. Thailand’s e-commerce is one of the fastest growing business sectors in Southeast Asia. This study analyses Thailand’s national framework for resolving cross-border consumer disputes in e-commerce. It presents the current state of cross-border business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce in Thailand, including growth trends, market characteristics and actors, and existing operating models. It also describes the existing legal and regulatory framework for resolving cross-border consumer disputes, focusing on private international law and consumer protection laws. It examines the institutional framework including judicial and administrative authorities. Finally, the report outlines the situations, systems and approaches to cross-border consumer dispute resolution that are currently in place or under development, focusing on their effectiveness and implementation.

La Revue annuelle du marché des produits forestiers 2017-2018 fournit une analyse complète des marchés dans la région de la CEE et examine l’influence sur les marchés des principaux facteurs hors de la région. Elle traite des produits forestiers à partir de la forêt jusqu’à l’utilisateur final, c’est-à-dire des bois ronds et des produits de première transformation, aux produits à valeur ajoutée et aux produits utilisés dans la construction de logements. Les chapitres de la Revue qui s’appuient sur des statistiques sont consacrés à la matière première bois, aux sciages de résineux, aux sciages de feuillus, aux panneaux dérivés du bois, aux papiers et cartons et à la pâte de bois. D’autres chapitres analysent les politiques en bois et les marchés du bois pour la production d’énergie. S’appuyant sur une série exhaustive de données, la Revue met en lumière le rôle des produits forestiers durables sur les marchés internationaux et analyse les politiques relatives aux forêts et aux produits forestiers, ainsi que les principaux facteurs déterminants et les tendances. Elle présente également une analyse des effets de la situation économique actuelle sur les marchés des produits forestiers.

L’étude des perspectives du secteur forestier 2020-2040 expose les tendances à long terme de l’offre et de la demande de produits forestiers (bois ronds, sciages, panneaux, pâte, papier, produits non ligneux) et de services liés aux forêts ainsi que les perspectives à l’horizon 2040, pour la région de la Commission Economic pour L'Europe.

This report provides insights on the feasibility of the application of UNCTAD’s Guidance on Core Indicators for Entity Reporting on Contribution towards Implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (GCI) in two companies in Italy. It offers evidence on the practical implementation of the GCI and discusses challenges in reporting these indicators. Since the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in 2015, member States of the United Nations have focused on establishing priorities and plans towards its implementation while also monitoring progress. To support this process, a global indicator framework was created, establishing 169 targets and 232 indicators for the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

This report summarizes the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the forest sector of countries in the Western Balkans (WB) (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia) during the first three quarters of 2020. It focuses on production, export, import, consumption, prices and employment of the main wood products: roundwood, sawnwood, wood-based panels, wooden furniture, paper and paperboards. It also covers recovery measures implemented by Western Balkan governments. This report employs economic indicators for the period January-September 2020, alongside data from various sources, such as official statistics, international data bases (COMTRADE, EUROSTAT, FAO, UNECE), domestic organizations, as well as interviews with forest products companies of all sizes, which were used for their views on the impact of COVID-19.

La présente recommandation a pour objectif d’établir un mécanisme qui permette aux gouvernements, aux partenaires du secteur, aux consommateurs et à toutes les autres parties intéressées de prendre des décisions en ayant connaissance des risques, de corriger l’asymétrie de l’information, de dialoguer, de définir les responsabilités quant aux allégations de contribution au développement durable (notamment en ce qui concerne le respect de la réglementation) et d’adapter les modèles commerciaux à une conduite responsable des affaires. Elle présente aux acteurs économiques un ensemble de pratiques convenues au niveau international pour la collecte et la transmission concertées de données relatives au suivi et au traçage des matériaux, produits et processus d’un bout à l’autre d’une chaîne de valeur (y compris l’ensemble des installations et intermédiaires concernés) et contient des informations connexes sur l’action des participants en matière de durabilité. Les pratiques en question ont été élaborées tout particulièrement à l’intention du secteur de l’habillement et de la chaussure pour promouvoir la traçabilité et la transparence, mais elles ont des applications dans des chaînes de valeur intersectorielles, contribuant ainsi à la réalisation de plusieurs objectifs du Programme 2030 des Nations Unies, notamment l’objectif de développement durable 12 relatif à la consommation et à la production responsables.

Countries in the Eastern Europe and the South Caucasus (EESC) sub-region have considerable potential for sustainable growth and development that will require systematic experimentation with ideas and technologies across their respective economies and societies. This publication supports EESC countries in this challenge through a comparative assessment of the quality and scope of innovation policies, institutions and processes with a clear sustainable-development perspective. Offering policymakers a framework for identifying strengths and weaknesses in their national innovation systems, it delivers actionable policy recommendations at the national and sub-regional levels, including guidance on setting priorities and designing effective interventions. It further identifies opportunities for international donors and private investors to support and invest in innovation for sustainable development in the EESC sub-region.

L’Accord européen relatif au transport international des marchandises dangereuses par voies de navigation intérieures (ADN) fait à Genève le 26 mai 2000 sous l’égide de la Commission économique des Nations Unies pour l’Europe (CEE-ONU) et de la Commission centrale pour la navigation du Rhin (CCNR) est entré en vigueur le 29 février 2008. Cette version a été préparée sur la base des amendements en vigueur le 1er janvier 2021. Le Règlement annexé à l’ADN contient des dispositions relatives aux matières et objets dangereux, à leur transport en colis ou en vrac à bord de bateaux de navigation intérieure ou de bateaux-citernes, ainsi que des dispositions relatives à la construction et à l’exploitation de tels bateaux. Il régit également les prescriptions et procédures relatives aux visites, à l’établissement de certificats d’agrément, à l’agrément des sociétés de classification, aux dérogations, aux contrôles, à la formation et à l’examen des experts.

This 2021 edition of the State of Commodity Dependence contains statistical profiles for 195 UNCTAD member States. Comprised of around 30 indicators, it demonstrates the extent of each country’s export and import commodity dependence over the last decade, from 2008–2009 to 2018–2019, as well as the key structural and socioeconomic variables related to the commodity dependence phenomenon, such as growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and per capita GDP levels, the Human Development Index (HDI), and value added by economic sector. The report also includes a set of technological indicators for each individual country, thus reflecting the research theme of the UNCTAD Commodities and Development Report 2021: Escaping From the Commodity Dependence Trap Through Technology and Innovation.

This publication informs on the 92 environment-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) indicators, analyzes the progress made in achieving the SDGs targets, and identifies data gaps. The statistical approach uses simple correlation analyses between indicator pairs related to the state of the environment and drivers of change, and the state of the environment and the state of society, to improve the understanding of the interlinkages between SDGs indicators. It also emphasizes the importance of data disaggregation and fully populated SDGs to understand environmental and socio-economic interactions, and opportunities using innovative data techniques to close data gaps. This report builds upon insights and lessons learned from the Measuring Progress: Towards Achieving the Environmental Dimension of the SDGs, the first publication of the series.

The Manual of Tests and Criteria contains criteria, test methods and procedures to be used for classification of dangerous goods according to the provisions of Parts 2 and 3 of the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model Regulations, as well as of chemicals presenting physical hazards according to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). As a consequence, it supplements also national or international regulations which are derived from the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods or the GHS.

This report assesses the progress of the implementation of trade facilitation measures and thus helps identify policy, legal, procedural, regulatory, and technical gaps that affect the implementation of trade facilitation measures. Accelerating the pace of trade facilitation implementation can enable UNECE countries to harness the potential of trade as an engine for sustainable development, including in economic, social, and environmental dimensions. It is particularly relevant for the participation of developing countries in global value chains, trade in manufactured goods, and regional integration.

Domestic wood heating is a major source of emissions of particulate matter, including black carbon (BC), and organic pollutants, such as dioxins/furans, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and benzo[a]pyrene (B(a)P), in the ECE region, resulting in poor local air quality conditions and significant negative effects on human health. The present document responds to the need to inform the general public of: available best practices for domestic wood heating in order to minimize emissions and increase efficiency, reducing expenditure due to decreased storage needs and the use of wood, while reducing the negative impact on the environment and human health; the best heating devices currently available on the market; the proper origin and characteristics of wood biomass and the need to burn dry, clean wood and thus to avoid use of composite, treated and/or contaminated wood.

L’Accord européen relatif au transport international des marchandises dangereuses par voies de navigation intérieures (ADN) fait à Genève le 26 mai 2000 sous l’égide de la Commission économique des Nations Unies pour l’Europe (CEE-ONU) et de la Commission centrale pour la navigation du Rhin (CCNR) est entré en vigueur le 29 février 2008. Cette version a été préparée sur la base des amendements en vigueur le 1er janvier 2015. Le Règlement annexé à l’ADN contient des dispositions relatives aux matières et objets dangereux, à leur transport en colis ou en vrac à bord de bateaux de navigation intérieure ou de bateaux-citernes, ainsi que des dispositions relatives à la construction et à l’exploitation de tels bateaux. Il régit également les prescriptions et procédures relatives aux visites, à l’établissement de certificats d’agrément, à l’agrément des sociétés de classification, aux dérogations, aux contrôles, à la formation et à l’examen des experts.

Los números índices constituyen el instrumento básico para sintetizar las estadísticas económicas de modo que las fórmulas utilizadas permitan expresar y describir, por ejemplo, el crecimiento económico de un país o la tasa de inflación de una economía, y también para realizar comparaciones internacionales. Si se utilizan fórmulas diferentes, los resultados difieren y las comparaciones no son válidas. De ahí la importancia de conocer las fórmulas que se utilizan, y de que los países y los organismos internacionales promuevan prácticas comunes que armonicen y estandaricen las mediciones. Aunque los números índices se vinculan a la macroeconomía, su fundamento teórico se apoya en la microeconomía. En esta publicación se resumen los vínculos entre los números índices de precio y de volumen y la teoría microeconómica, se presentan las fórmulas recomendadas para las mediciones internacionales y se explica cómo utilizarlas en las comparaciones internacionales de precios y de volúmenes.

Cette publication démontre les avantages et la valeur ajoutée de la mise en œuvre de solutions intersectorielles (nexus) pour résoudre les problèmes les plus typiques affectant les bassins transfrontaliers en termes de quantité, de qualité et d'environnement de l'eau. Il est basé sur une enquête auprès des parties prenantes du monde entier qui ont de l'expérience avec des solutions et des investissements qui lient la gestion de l'eau, l'énergie, la terre/l'agriculture et/ou la protection de l'environnement, y compris à partir d'évaluations et de dialogues sur les liens. La conception, la planification et la mise en œuvre de solutions et d'investissements nexus sont dans l'intérêt de tous les décideurs politiques (notamment de l'énergie et de l'agriculture). De telles solutions de nexus - contrairement aux solutions sectorielles - sont associées à des risques politiques plus faibles (consensus plus large) et à des niveaux plus élevés de cohérence en ce qui concerne les objectifs intersectoriels (par exemple, les objectifs climatiques, le développement durable) et des avantages plus larges (intérêts multiples). Les catégories de solutions envisagées comprennent la coopération internationale/transfrontière, la gouvernance, les instruments économiques et politiques, ainsi que les infrastructures et l'innovation, tandis que les expériences de financement des investissements nexus sont également abordées ici.

Each issue of the Monthly Bulletin of Statistics (MBS) presents current economic and social statistics for more than 200 countries and territories of the world. Written in French and English, it contains over 50 tables of monthly and/or annual and quarterly data on a variety of subjects illustrating important economic trends and developments, including population, prices, employment and earnings, energy, manufacturing, transport, construction, international merchandise trade and finance. The annual subscription rate for the Monthly Bulletin of Statistics in print includes access to the MBS Online.

This study analyses the Mozambique experience of protecting and promoting fisheries with an emphasis on exploring geographical indication (GI) protection for the white prawn of Mozambique. It is achieved through an in-depth review of data collected from local stakeholders, reports based on past technical support provided by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the literature on GIs, and international and regional treaties and reports, among others. Fishery products such as Mozambican prawns are highly recommended for GI certification, as they have high demand from both local and international consumers.

This twelfth edition of the United Nations Environment Programme Emissions Gap Report comes during a year of constant reminders that climate change is not in the distant future. There is a fifty-fifty chance that global warming will exceed 1.5°C in the next two decades, and unless there are immediate, rapid and largescale reductions in GHG emissions, limiting warming to 1.5°C or even 2°C by the end of the century will be beyond reach. As in previous years, the 2021 Emissions Gap Report has been guided by an experienced steering committee and prepared by an international team of leading scientists, assessing all available information, including that published in the context of the IPCC reports, as well as in other recent scientific literature.