Democracy and Governance
UNODA Occasional Papers No. 42
Governance of Artificial Intelligence in the Military Domain
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into military applications such as weapon systems decision-support tools and various other tasks poses opportunities and challenges to international peace and security. Military applications of AI can exacerbate and amplify existing risks and could also lead to new unintended consequences. Rapid developments in this technological domain have outpaced the development of guardrails to mitigate such risks. This publication aims to enhance the international community’s understanding of the governance of AI in the military domain. It outlines the opportunities and risks associated with military applications of AI highlights areas of contention within the expert and diplomatic communities and offers policy recommendations and options for its multilateral governance.
Data stewardship and the fundamental principles of official statistics
Developed and adopted by the Conference of European Statisticians the United Nations Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics (United Nations 2014) were adopted in 1992 at the ministerial level by the Economic Commission of Europe and at the global level by the UN Statistical Commission in 1994. The Fundamental Principles were then reaffirmed and endorsed by the United Nations General Assembly in 2014. The preamble of the Principles highlights the importance of official statistics for national and global development emphasizing the vital role that NSOs play in providing high-quality official statistical data and the positive effect that this has on policy decision-making and the overall development of countries.
Data Stewardship and the Role of National Statistical Offices in the New Data Ecosystem
The rapidly expanding and evolving landscape of data production and sharing is an opportunity for National Statistical Offices (NSOs) to exercise their expertise in the larger statistical as well as national data community. Indeed because of this environment NSOs must expand their role into data stewardship in order to fully carry out their mandate. As the transformation is multifaceted there are different interpretations of how the NSO role can and should change and what data stewardship means in this context. In this report the United Nations Economic Commission of Europe (UNECE) Task Force (created by the Conference of European Statisticians in 2021) has examined the issue of data stewardship through the lens of NSOs. Data stewardship is viewed as operating in service of rather than in control of the data ecosystem and reflects an overall paradigm shift or evolution of the framework that guides how NSOs operate moving from the production of statistics to the provision of data and data-related services. The work of this Task Force has focused on defining and explaining the foundational concepts and frameworks relevant to data stewardship. More concrete guidance and recommendations could be developed at a later stage as a follow-up to this report. The Task Force has considered further steps to support NSOs in implementing their stewardship role which are summarised in Section 1.4 ‘Future work’. Ultimately the report aims to serve as a guide to statistical offices regardless of data or structural maturity. It will help offices decide whether they should extend their role as government data stewards as well as provide inspiration and ideas to those who are already performing this function. Public data holders will also gain a deeper understanding of the advantages and services provided by NSOs in the future data ecosystem.
Executive Summary
The rapidly expanding and evolving landscape of data production and sharing is an opportunity for National Statistical Offices (NSOs) to exercise their expertise in the larger statistical as well as national data community. Indeed because of this environment NSOs must expand their role into data stewardship in order to fully carry out their mandate. As the transformation is multifaceted there are different interpretations of how the NSO role can and should change and what data stewardship means in this context.
Supporting principles of data stewardship
This Annex discusses some of the supporting principles of data stewardship and other enabling pieces of the data governance puzzle. The concepts help facilitate governance activities and drive sound data stewardship by describing roles and some of the skills expected of data stewards. The concepts described below include: standardization the FAIR Guiding Principles of data the Four G Model of data lifecycle management the CARE model the ‘once only’ principle and the European Interoperability Framework.
Acknowledgements
This document has been prepared by the UNECE Task Force on data stewardship representing national statistical offices and other public agencies.
Glossary of data stewardship concepts v1.0
The glossary has been compiled with the aim to help understanding of the current publication. It has been developed in consultation with the global Working Group on Data Stewardship. This version of the glossary was developed with the best knowledge at hand at the time of preparing the publication. A periodic review of the key terms in the glossary is needed to ensure that key definitions are adjusted when necessary.
A World of Debt: A Growing Burden to Global Prosperity
Protocole d'Istanbul
Manuel pour enquêter efficacement sur la torture et autres peines ou traitements cruels, inhumains ou dégradants
Cette édition révisée renforce les normes largement reconnues du Protocole d’Istanbul relatives aux enquêtes efficaces et à la documentation des cas de torture et de mauvais traitements. S'appuyant sur un engagement multisectoriel une expertise mondiale spécialisée et des expériences pratiques de professionnels du droit de la santé et des droits de l'homme sur le terrain y compris des membres des organes anti-torture des Nations Unies l'édition mise à jour vise à renforcer la mise en œuvre des normes internationales et des mesures préventives pour aider les survivants de la torture dans le monde. Le Protocole d'Istanbul et les « Principes d'Istanbul » qui l'accompagnent servent également de norme mondiale par rapport à laquelle la fourniture de preuves juridiques et médicales d'experts peut être comparée dans le cadre des enquêtes et de la prévention de la torture.
Avant-propos
En 2001 le Haut-Commissariat des Nations Unies aux droits de l’homme (HCDH) a publié la première édition du Protocole d’Istanbul mis à jour par la suite en 2004. Ce dernier est un excellent outil pratique utilisé depuis dans le domaine médico-légal et d’autres domaines dans le monde entier pour indiquer concrètement comment il faut enquêter et recueillir des informations sur les actes de torture et les mauvais traitements protéger les victimes et procéder à la défense de leurs intérêts qui est assurée par la société civile. L’ayant appliqué dans la pratique pendant des années des professionnels et des universitaires du monde entier ont à présent rassemblé leurs données d’expérience déterminé les bonnes pratiques et mis en lumière les enseignements tirés de son application ses limites les erreurs d’interprétation et même les cas de mauvais usage délibéré. Ce riche effort collectif a permis de mieux rendre compte des progrès accomplis dans la compréhension des pratiques et des effets de la torture et des mauvais traitements et a abouti par conséquent à une vaste mise à jour du Protocole d’Istanbul.