الزراعة والتنمية الريفية والغابات
Foreword
By its resolution 1814 (XVII) of 18 December 1962, the General Assembly requested the Secretary-General to publish a Juridical Yearbook which would include certain documentary materials of a legal character concerning the United Nations and related intergovernmental organizations, and by its resolution 3006 (XXVII) of 18 December 1972, the General Assembly made certain changes in the outline of the Yearbook. The present volume, which is the fifty-fourth of the series, has been prepared by the Codification Division of the Office of Legal Affairs.
Preface
The United Nations Disarmament Yearbook is now in its forty-fifth year of publication. Part I presents the official texts of the 61 resolutions and 10 decisions related to disarmament, arms control and international security that were debated in the First Committee and forwarded to the General Assembly for adoption at its seventy-fifth session.
Relevant terminology
In the context of a future FMCT, referring to “fissile material” without adding qualifications could result in misunderstandings and potential loopholes stemming from the term’s different technical definitions. Although “fissile material” is commonly understood to include substances that chain-react with slow neutrons (i.e., fuel used in power reactors), it also may refer to materials that can chain-react with fast neutrons in a weapon. Because a future FMCT would not prohibit the production of “fissile material” for non-military uses, any future treaty will require an agreed definition that is limited to nuclear materials capable of chain-reacting for the purpose of a nuclear weapon or other nuclear explosive device.
Regional perspectives
This section summarizes the views shared by regional stakeholders on a future FMCT during the workshops and expert meetings described in Part IV. These points are organized by each of the major themes addressed.
Foreword
Negotiating a fissile material cut-off treaty (FMCT) has been a focus of the Conference on Disarmament since 1994 when its member countries appointed Ambassador Gerald Shannon of Canada as Special Coordinator on the matter.
Introduction
In accordance with the strategy of the European Union to uphold, implement and strengthen multilateral disarmament and non-proliferation treaties and agreements, the European Union Council decided in 2017 to support the United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs (UNODA) in promoting participation by States in Africa, in Asia and the Pacific and in Latin America and the Caribbean in the consultative process of the high-level fissile material cut-off treaty expert preparatory group. Its decision (2017/2284)1 was in line with (i) the long-standing position of the European Union in support of “the immediate commencement and early conclusion of the negotiation of a Treaty banning the production of fissile material for nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices, on the basis of document CD/1299 and the mandate contained therein”, and (ii) the call of the European Union for all members of the Conference on Disarmament to “exert their utmost efforts to break the impasse in the Conference on Disarmament and adopt a comprehensive and balanced programme of work that includes the immediate commencement of negotiations on a fissile material cut-off treaty (FMCT)”.
Le sort des enfants en temps de conflit armé
Depuis plusieurs décennies, le visage de la guerre a changé radicalement, et les civils sont de plus en plus ciblés. Les enfants sont les principales victimes des conflits armés et leurs souffrances revêtent divers visages. Plus de deux millions d’enfants ont été tués dans les zones de conflit au cours des 20 dernières années, selon le site Web www.securitycouncilreport.org. Six millions d’entre eux ont été mutilés ou handicapés à vie. D’innombrables autres enfants ont été rendus orphelins, ont été enlevés, privés d’éducation et de soins de santé et laissés avec de profondes cicatrices psychologiques.