International science and technology indicators
- Author: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
- Main Title: Trade and Development Report 1987 , pp 77-83
- Publication Date: December 1987
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.18356/b2133100-en
- Language: English
The fact that technological innovations originate from a variety of sources and that innovative activity takes several different forms makes it difficult to find direct measures of this type of activity. In many innovation studies, therefore, the common practice has been to assess various indicators of one or more of the components of the innovative process. The convention has been to distinguish between input indicators of the resources and effort spent in producing innovations and output indicators of the ability to introduce new products and processes.
© United Nations
ISBN (PDF):
9789210602907
Book DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18356/1ef6a88e-en
Related Subject(s):
International Trade and Finance
Sustainable Development Goals:
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