- Home
- Books
Books
Rapport sur la gouvernance économique II: Cadre d’évaluation et de rapportage des dépenses fiscales en afrique
Le présent rapport met l’accent sur les dépenses fiscales. Celles-ci entrainent une perte de recettes publiques dans les cas où les pouvoirs publics octroient des allocations à des contribuables potentiels réduisant ainsi l’assiette fiscale et les recettes effectivement perçues. Les recettes perdues en raison des dépenses fiscales auraient pu être réparties de manière plus judicieuse entre les différentes priorités de développement du pays dans le cadre d’une supervision prudente en veillant à ce qu’il n’y ait pas de laissés pour compte. Le présent rapport fournit un cadre de gouvernance efficace des dépenses fiscales y compris l’évaluation des coûts budgétaires des dépenses fiscales et la production et publication de rapports. Le cadre peut permettre aux gouvernements d’examiner les propositions d’optimisation des dépenses et aboutir à la suppression des incitations fiscales improductives stimulant ainsi la collecte des recettes. Il peut également contribuer à l’accroissement de la mobilisation des ressources intérieures du continent à la réduction de sa vulnérabilité à l’endettement et la volatilité des financements extérieurs et à l’amélioration des perspectives de réalisation de ses objectifs de développement.
UNCTAD Productive Capacities Index
Methodological Approach and Results
UNCTAD’s extensive work on measuring and benchmarking productive capacities globally reveals significant gaps not only between developed and developing economies but also within the developing countries themselves. UNCTAD’s new Productive Capacities Index (PCI) clearly demonstrates that the difference in the levels of socioeconomic development across countries and regions is a consequence of the gaps in their levels of productive capacities.
National Accounts Statistics: Main Aggregates and Detailed Tables 2002-2003
This publication contains detailed national accounts estimates for 169 countries and areas of the world for the years 1992 to 2003. The national data for each country and area are presented in separate chapters using uniform table headings and classifications recommended in the United Nations System of National Accounts (SNA). A summary of the conceptual framework of the SNA and definitions of important terms are also included in this publication. Other statistical information covered includes gross domestic product national income savings private and government consumption and transactions of institutional sectors.
Прекурсоры и химические вещества, часто используемые при незаконном изготовлении наркотических средств и психотропных веществ 2022 г.
This report summarizes the actions taken by Governments and by the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) on precursors to prevent chemical diversion and to implement the provisions of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988. The Report contains an account of the activities carried out during the reporting period; provides an overview of the major trends and developments in licit trade and trafficking in and illicit use of individual chemicals; contains a summary of seizures cases of suspicious and stopped shipments and diversions or attempted diversions; and details activities associated with illicit drug manufacture.
Proteção Aos Direitos De Minorias
Um Guia Prático para Desenvolver uma Legislação Abrangente de Combate à Discriminação
Este Guia descreve detalhadamente o conteúdo de uma legislação abrangente contra a discriminação. Fornece aos legisladores e defensores as ferramentas para desenvolver legislação anti-discriminação consistente com as normas jurídicas internacionais sobre os direitos à igualdade e à não-discriminação. Visa ajudar os Estados a cumprir as suas obrigações fundamentais de direito internacional de respeitar proteger e cumprir os direitos à igualdade e à não discriminação. Este Guia também inclui exemplos práticos para ajudar os legisladores e os decisores políticos. Fornece também orientações específicas sobre a ligação entre a legislação antidiscriminação por um lado e os direitos das minorias por outro.
Panorama Social de América Latina y el Caribe 2023
La inclusión laboral como eje central para el desarrollo social inclusivo
En esta edición del Panorama Social de América Latina y el Caribe se abordan los desafíos de la inclusión laboral como eje central para el desarrollo social inclusivo. A pesar de una recuperación en 2022 de los indicadores sociales (reducción de la pobreza y la desigualdad recuperación del empleo) se enfrenta una doble trampa de bajo crecimiento y altos niveles de pobreza y desigualdad. La inclusión laboral es clave para combatir la pobreza reducir la informalidad y la desigualdad y avanzar hacia el desarrollo social inclusivo. Las brechas de género en la inclusión laboral están determinadas por la desigual distribución de la carga de trabajo de cuidados que recae sobre las mujeres. En el caso de las personas migrantes la sobrecalificación y la discriminación también afectan su inclusión laboral. Los esfuerzos realizados por los países respecto de la inversión en políticas laborales que en promedio llegan al 034% del PIB resultan insuficientes. Es necesario transitar de la inserción laboral a la inclusión laboral garantizando el acceso a empleos de calidad ingresos laborales mayores al salario mínimo y acceso a la protección social en particular para las mujeres y las personas jóvenes.
Rapport mondial des Nations Unies sur la mise en valeur des ressources en eau 2024
L’Eau pour la prospérité et la paix
Les ressources en eau alimentent la prospérité en répondant aux besoins humains fondamentaux en contribuant au maintien de la santé des moyens de subsistance et du développement économique en renforçant la sécurité alimentaire comme énergétique ainsi qu’en préservant l’intégrité environnementale. Ces ressources influent sur l’économie de bien des manières et les dynamiques du commerce mondial comme les adaptations au marché peuvent avoir des effets directs sur la manière dont les économies régionales et locales emploient l’eau. De même les répercussions des conflits sur les ressources en eau sont multiples et souvent indirectes telles celles ayant trait aux migrations forcées et à une exposition accrue aux risques sanitaires. Le changement climatique les troubles géopolitiques les pandémies les migrations massives l’hyperinflation et d’autres crises peuvent exacerber les inégalités d’accès à l’eau. En règle générale les groupes les plus pauvres et les plus vulnérables sont ceux dont le bien-être est le plus menacé. L’édition 2024 du Rapport mondial des Nations Unies sur la mise en valeur des ressources en eau expose les relations complexes d’interdépendance qui existent entre la gestion durable de l’eau la paix et la prospérité tout comme il décrit la manière dont les progrès réalisés sur l’un de ces aspects ont des répercussions positives souvent cruciales sur les deux autres.
State of the Global Climate 2023
The publication provides a summary on the state of the climate indicators in 2023 with sections on key climate indicators extreme events and impacts. The indicators include global temperatures greenhouse gas concentration ocean heat content sea level rise ocean acidification Arctic and Antarctic Sea ice Greenland ice sheet and glaciers and snow cover precipitation and stratospheric ozone with an analysis of major drivers of inter-annual climate variability during the year including the El Niño Southern Oscillation and other ocean and atmospheric indices. The highlighted extreme events include those related to tropical cyclones and windstorms flooding drought and extreme heat and cold events. The publication also provides most recent finding on climate related risks and impacts including on food security and population displacement.
Analysis of War Damage to the Ukrainian Science Sector and Its Consequences
The conditions for conducting scientific and experimental work in Ukraine have significantly deteriorated since the Russian invasion of February 2022. As a result of the bombing of Ukrainian cities over the past two years many scientists in the public sector have been forced to change both their city of residence and their place of work. By January 2024 12% of Ukrainian scientists and university teachers had been forced to emigrate or relocate internally. About 30% of all Ukrainian scientists have been forced to work remotely. Another 1518 scientists have volunteered for combat duty. The cost of restoring Ukraine’s public research infrastructure has been estimated at US$ 1.2637 billion. This figure covers both scientific equipment (US$ 46 million) and buildings. Some 1443 buildings belonging to 177 public scientific institutions have been damaged or destroyed since February 2022. Not all buildings can be assessed however as many are located in territories temporarily occupied by the Russian Federation. The war has also eroded state budgets allocated to scientific institutions. In parallel the number of contracts concluded with domestic and foreign business partners has fallen sharply further diminishing the income of scientific institutions. Opportunities for joint research and technical projects have been curbed by the migration of scientists. These factors have led to a drop in scientific productivity at both national and international levels. The present study has been commissioned from the Junior Academy of Sciences of Ukraine by UNESCO. The study is intended to inform UNESCO’s strategy for supporting a recovery plan for Ukraine’s science sector.
Manufacture of Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and their Precursors 2019
This publication lists national manufacturers authorized by governments to manufacture or convert specific narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances as well as manufacturers of precursor chemicals on a country-by-country basis. Along with the name of manufacturers readers will find contact details and the name of narcotic drugs and/or psychotropic substances each manufacturer is authorized to produce. An index in English French and Spanish of all substances under international control reported to have been actually manufactured during the year appears at the end of the publication indicating the country or countries in which manufacture took place and the manufacturers involved.
Social Panorama of Latin America and the Caribbean 2023
Labour Inclusion as a Key Axis of Inclusive Social Development
This edition of the Social Panorama of Latin America and the Caribbean addresses the challenges of labour inclusion as a key axis for inclusive social development. Despite a recovery in social indicators in 2022 (reduction of poverty and inequality recovery of employment) the region faces a double trap of low growth and high levels of poverty and inequality. Labour inclusion is key to combating poverty reducing informality and inequality and moving towards inclusive social development. Gender gaps in labour market inclusion are driven by the unequal distribution of the burden of care work which is largely borne by women. In the case of migrants overqualification and discrimination also affect their labour market inclusion. The efforts made by countries in terms of investment in labour policies which on average amount to 0.34% of GDP are insufficient. What is needed is a shift from labour market integration to labour market inclusion guaranteeing access to quality employment income above the minimum wage and access to social protection particularly for women and young people.
Precursors and Chemicals Frequently Used in the Illicit Manufacture of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances 2022
This report summarizes the actions taken by Governments and by the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) on precursors to prevent chemical diversion and to implement the provisions of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988. The Report contains an account of the activities carried out during the reporting period; provides an overview of the major trends and developments in licit trade and trafficking in and illicit use of individual chemicals; contains a summary of seizures cases of suspicious and stopped shipments and diversions or attempted diversions; and details activities associated with illicit drug manufacture.
Precursores y sustancias químicas frecuentemente utilizados para la fabricación ilícita de estupefacientes y sustancias sicotrópicas 2022
Desde hace más de 20 años y de conformidad con el mandato que se le encomendó en virtud de la Convención de las Naciones Unidas contra el Tráfico Ilícito de Estupefacientes y Sustancias Sicotrópicas de 1988 así como las distintas resoluciones aprobadas por el Consejo de Seguridad el Consejo Económico y Social y la Comisión de Estupefacientes la Junta Internacional de Fiscalización de Estupefacientes (JIFE) ha vigilado y promovido medidas de fiscalización nacional e internacional de los precursores y sustancias químicas utilizados en la fabricación ilícita de drogas. También ha llevado a cabo las numerosas tareas que le ha confiado la comunidad internacional entre ellas la de administrar el sistema de fiscalización internacional de precursores y presentar informes acerca de su aplicación vigilar el movimiento lícito de las sustancias químicas incluidas en los cuadros; y vigilar y analizar las actividades de tráfico ilícito e informar al respecto.
Global Report on Teachers
Addressing Teacher Shortages and Transforming the Profession
Teachers are central to unlocking every learner’s potential and achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4 of inclusive equitable and quality education for all. Regrettably worldwide teacher shortages have been endangering the future of education. New data collected for the Global Report on Teachers indicates that 44 million additional teachers are needed to achieve universal primary and secondary education by 2030. Shortages are widespread with sub-Saharan Africa needing 15 million more teachers while higher-income countries face retention challenges resulting in teachers massively leaving the profession. Echoing calls from the International Commission on the Futures of Education and the 2022 Transforming Education Summit this report advocates for dignifying diversifying and valorizing the teaching profession. It emphasizes the importance of improved working conditions enhanced professional development and increased teacher involvement in decision-making to bridge the gap. This report is a tool to mobilize international and country efforts to empower recruit train and support teachers within resilient education systems for a collaborative innovative and cohesive teaching profession. It is a roadmap aiming to elevate the status of the teaching profession and ensure quality education for all learners urging immediate action.
经常用于非法制造麻醉药品和精神药物的前体2022
This report summarizes the actions taken by Governments and by the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) on precursors to prevent chemical diversion and to implement the provisions of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988. The Report contains an account of the activities carried out during the reporting period; provides an overview of the major trends and developments in licit trade and trafficking in and illicit use of individual chemicals; contains a summary of seizures cases of suspicious and stopped shipments and diversions or attempted diversions; and details activities associated with illicit drug manufacture.
Devenir État partie à la Convention internationale pour la protection de toutes les personnes contre les disparitions forcées
Guide pratique
Ce guide pratique vise à promouvoir la ratification universelle de la Convention internationale pour la protection de toutes les personnes contre les disparitions forcées et à aider les États dans leurs efforts pour devenir parties à la Convention. Son objectif est d’apporter des réponses aux questions communément soulevées par les États à l’occasion de cet engagement. Son objectif est également d'offrir des conseils pratiques aux États concernant le processus pour devenir partie à la Convention et ce que cela implique.
Risk Assessment for Industrial Accident Prevention
An Overview of Risk Assessment Methods, Selected Case Studies and Available Software
Risk assessments for industrial facilities are essential for the prevention of industrial accidents. The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Convention on the Transboundary Effects of Industrial Accidents aims to help its Parties prevent prepare for and respond to industrial accidents especially ones that can have transboundary effects. It also fosters transboundary cooperation among its Parties and beyond. As risk assessment is enshrined in the Convention’s provisions UNECE held a seminar on risk assessment methodologies (Geneva 4 December 2018) to support countries in implementing the relevant provisions. The seminar resulted in conclusions and recommendations on the challenges in executing transboundary risk assessment for industrial facilities and the need for more information exchange on risk assessment methodologies used in the UNECE region including available software.
Report of the Commission on the Status of Women 2023
Official records of the Report of the Commission on the Status of Women on the sixty-seventh session (25 March 2022 and 6–17 March 2023). The Commission on the Status of Women (CSW) is the principal global intergovernmental body exclusively dedicated to the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of women. The CSW is instrumental in promoting women’s rights documenting the reality of women’s lives throughout the world and shaping global standards on gender equality and the empowerment of women. During its annual two-week session representatives of UN Member States civil society organizations and UN entities gather at UN headquarters in New York to discuss progress and commit to further action. The outcomes and recommendations of each session are forwarded to the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) the Commission’s parent body for follow-up.
Child and Adolescent Road Safety in South Asia
Low to lower-middle income nations bear 78 per cent of child road traffic injuries. Conversely high-income countries with robust safety measures account for just 3 per cent. This report outlines South Asia’s status country profiles assessment tools and guidance for effective action under the Safe Systems framework regarding child and adolescent road injuries. In 2019 injuries accounted for at least 9 per cent of the 12.2 million deaths in South Asia with approximately a quarter attributed to road traffic collisions. Among children and adolescents 171468 died from injuries with 29859 due to road traffic collisions the primary cause of injury-related death alongside drowning. The overall road traffic death rate was 6 per 100000 population though Afghanistan reported rates exceeding 16 per 100000. The region lost 2.5 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to such collisions among those under 20. With over 708 million children and adolescents in South Asia urgent governmental action is imperative given the substantial economic impact estimated to be billions of US dollars or 0.3 to 7.5 per cent of GDP. This report is intended to provide relevant information about the burden risk factors and interventions to address road traffic injuries among children and adolescents in the region. The target audience includes UNICEF staff in country and regional offices country level road safety and public health practitioners policy makers advocates and academics.
The United Nations World Water Development Report 2024
Water for Prosperity and Peace
Water nurtures prosperity by meeting basic human needs supporting health livelihoods and economic development underpinning food and energy security and defending environmental integrity. Water influences the economy in many ways and global trade dynamics and market adaptations can have direct repercussions on the water use of regional and local economies. The water-related impacts of conflict are multi-faceted and often indirect such as those linked to forced migration and increased exposure to health threats. Climate change geopolitical unrest pandemics mass migration hyperinflation and other crises can exacerbate water access inequalities. In nearly all cases the poorest and most vulnerable groups are those that suffer the greatest risks to their well-being. The 2024 edition of the United Nations World Water Development Report (UN WWDR) calls attention to the complex and interlinked relationships between water prosperity and peace describing how progress in one dimension can have positive often essential repercussions on the others.